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Study Guide - Mesopotamia and Fertile Crescent Know the definitions of the following vocabulary Surplus Cuneiform Scribe City-state (urban and rural) Silt Social hierarchy Polytheism Empire Ziggurat Priest Chariot Monarch Study the different civilizations and what makes each unique from the other. Who were their leaders? What did they create? What were their beliefs? What was unique with their geography? How did their empire end? Sumerians Akkadians Babylonians Assyrians Chaldeans (Neo-Babylonians) Phoenicians Review the key concepts Why was the land between two rivers a good place to settle and start to farm? What purpose did irrigation canals serve? What is the Fertile Crescent? How were men and women treated differently in Sumer? What was the social hierarchy in Sumer? Who was Sargon? Gilgamesh? Hammurabi? Nebuchadnezzar? Short response Why could Mesopotamia be called the Cradle of Civilization?