* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Slide 1
Survey
Document related concepts
Brancacci Chapel wikipedia , lookup
Northern Mannerism wikipedia , lookup
Waddesdon Bequest wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance philosophy wikipedia , lookup
Spanish Golden Age wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance in Scotland wikipedia , lookup
French Renaissance literature wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance music wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance Revival architecture wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance architecture wikipedia , lookup
Italian Renaissance painting wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The Renaissance “Renaissance” means Rebirth The Basics Who: Italian Intellectuals What: Social, Political, Artistic, and Religious Changes Where: Italy and throughout parts of Europe When: 1350-1550 Why: Unknown, but some theories: Black Death Trade Increase Printing Press Intelligence The Printing Press Invented by Johannes Gutenberg of Germany First book printed was The Bible The printing of books encouraged scholarly research, literacy, and the spread of new ideas and theories The impact was HUGE Characteristics of the Renaissance 1) Urban Society Powerful City-States were the center of Italian political, economic, and social life A secular, or worldly, viewpoint emerged as more wealth allowed citizens to enjoy more material objects. 2) Recovery Getting over the disasters of the early 14th century 3) Emphasizing individual ability “Men can do all things if they will” Well-rounded “Renaissance Man” as ideal The Italian States During the Middle Ages, Italy failed to develop a strong Monarchy This allowed many city-states to be independent The three most important were Milan Venice Florence Trade was IMPORTANT Byzantine and Arab empires Territory gained during the Crusades Traded for SILK, sugar, and spices Milan Located in Northern Italy Access to the Alpine Mountains, which were necessary to cross if you wanted to get to the rest of Europe For a long time, the city was run by members of the Visconti family When the last member of that family died, the city was taken over by Francesco Sforza He led a band of mercenaries (soldiers who worked for the highest bidder Efficient tax system = $ for government Venice Officially run by a Doge, an elected leader In reality, run by a small group of self-serving wealthy merchants Most people made money by trading with the Byzantine Empire to the east. Because of their fleet of mercantile ships, they became and international power Florence Cultural center of the Renaissance A small group of wealthy men led Florence into wars with neighboring areas to gain control The powerful and rich Medici family controlled the government For a short time (during a recession), the Medicis were out of power They returned to power after the new leader, a Dominican preacher, restricted gambling, art, swearing, music and books. He was sentenced to death. The Italian Wars Because Italy never developed a strong Monarchy, they were very susceptible to invasions from nearby kingdoms France invaded in 1494 Italy asked Spain for help Spain fought to get the French out In Spain, Spanish mercenaries were demanding to be paid. Spanish King Charles told them to take their payment from Italy. The mercenaries sacked Rome, sold church officials, killed innocent people, and burned much of the city. Humanism An intellectual movement based on: History Poetry Philosophy Ancient texts Petrach – founder of humanism Humanists tended to be solitary They dedicated their lives to the service of the state Had a major impact on Education Learn from the people who have already done this!! Machiavelli and “The Prince” His book, “The Prince”, is one of the most influential books on political power ever written In the Middle Ages, many writers stressed that morality should determine political action Machiavelli rejected this idea He stated that a prince should act on behalf of the people, and that sometimes this meant putting ones conscious to the side Since men are “ungrateful liars, deceivers, and infinitely greedy”, political action on their behalf should not be restricted by morality Vernacular Literature Most books were written in Latin, but some wrote in the vernacular Vernacular = language unique to a region Italy: Dante’s “Divine Comedy” ○ About Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise England: Chaucer’s “Canterbury Tales” ○ Described different classes of English society France: Pizan’s “Book in the City of Ladies” ○ Defended the intelligence of women Renaissance Education Education aimed to change people and help them be virtuous and wise On top of educational topics, students also were taught physical education The goal of education was create citizens and not just smart people Females were rarely in school If ladies went to school, they were only taught morals, music and religion Renaissance Art During the Renaissance, humans and nature became the focus of art. Artists tried to make things as Realistic as possible Masaccio was the 1st Renaissance artist Two important developments: 1) using light and perspective to create reality 2) investigation of anatomy and movement These two developments meant that a lot of Renaissance paintings are almost 3-D, appears lifelike, and has a lot of nudity Renaissance Art Sculpture and architecture also made great strides during the Renaissance Tried to reflect a Human-centered world Churches were created to be comforting and not overwhelming to the worshipper Filippo Brunelleschi Most famous architect Hired by the Medici family in Florence FILIPPO - Church of San Lorenzo Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles of the Renaissance Donatello - SCULPTOR Realistic, free-standing statue of St. George Leonardo da Vinci – The “Renaissance Man” focused on realism and capturing the perfection & beauty of nature Raphael – one of Italy’s best PAINTERS Best known for his numerous MADONNAS (paintings of the Virgin Mary) Michelangelo – painter, sculptor, and architect Painted the entire ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Took 4 years to complete Sistine Chapel The paintings systematically tell the major sotires of the bible. The paintings systematically tell the major stories of the bible. “Creation of Adam” Sistine Chapel DA VINCI MONA LISA RAPHAEL DONATELLO