Download The Structures and Purposes of Music

The Structures and
Purposes of Music
1.1 Purposes of Music
O Ceremonial: ritual, celebration,
commemoration.
O Recreational: music as a means of diversion
to support recreational activities, dances,
social gatherings, festivals.
O Artistic Expression: To communicate
emotion, feeling, ideas or information
(narrative).
Elements of Music
1. Melody - The main theme or part of a
musical composition, the “tune”
(something you can sing, hum, play, or
whistle).
O Pitch is the highness or lowness of
sounds.
Accidentals
•
Are used to raise or lower pitch
Music Elements
2. Harmony - Accompanying
parts or musical lines that are
not the melody
O By instruments or voice
O No instruments, just voice is call- a cappella
O Texture-thickness of sound
O monophonic, homophonic, and
polyphonic.
Three Textures of Harmony
O Monophonic (one sound) music is
performed in unison;
O Everyone sings or plays the same part or
pitches at the same time. Example-Gregorian
Chant
Homophonic
O Same sound
O music has
multiple or
different parts
O sung or played at
the same time,
O Example-hymn or
chorale.
Polyphonic
O Many sounds
O music has multiple,
independent parts
that are
O sung or played at the
same time or
different times.
O Examples of rounds
(canon) and
madrigals
3. Rhythm
O Patterns of sounds and silence, pulse (beat).
How the sounds and silence divide time.
O The bar lines on the staff divide the sections into
measures.
O Fraction at beginning of staff is called a meter
signature or time signature.
1.2 Continuing Elements
4.Duration
O The duration of musical sound is
shown by using different kinds of
notes. The duration of silence is
notated using rests.
Staff
O The musical staff is made up of five
horizontal lines and four spaces.
Treble Clef (G Clef)
O Read bottom to top
O Bottom notes lower
O Top notes higher
• Lines
• Spaces
• Every
• FACE
• Good
• Boy
• Does
• Fine
Bass Clef (F Clef)
• Lines
•
• Good
• Burritos
• Don’t
• Fall
• Apart
Spaces
• All
• Cows
• Eat
• Grass
Grand Staff (both together)
You will have to be able to identify, label and know value
A little bit of math….
5. Tempo
O Speed of the beat or pulse. Whether or not the
speed changes and how it changes.
O Allegro - Fast
O Moderato - Moderate
O Adagio - Slow
O Largo - Very Slow
O Metronome is a mechanical device that ticks or
beeps audibly at a steady tempo
6.Dynamics
O Dynamics are degrees of loudness or softness
(volume) and the intensity of sound.
O Forte (strong or loud)
O Piano (soft).
O Crescendo-increase the volume
O Decrescendo-decrease the volume
7. Timbre/Tone Color
O The quality of sound as determined by the
instruments or voices that are performing
the music.
Instruments
Voices
Woodwinds
Soprano (F) Tenor (M)
Brass
Mezzo Soprano (F) Baritone (M)
Strings
Alto (F) Bass (M)
Percussion
1.3 Music Forms
O AB
O ABA
O Rondo- form has a main theme is repeated but
other parts added ABACA or ABACABA
O Theme and Variation mostly seen in classical
periods as a symphony.
O Call and Response- ritual and religious music, and
in music used for teaching.
Music Forms
O Round (Canon) - Simple melody performed
by different groups of singers starting at
different times.
O Example: Row, Row, Row Your Boat.
O Verse and Chorus (Verse and Refrain) -
Verses with the same melody but different
words, ending with a refrain or chorus each
time that has the same melody and words.
Opera
O Combines music and theatre
O Involves a story sung on stage with sets, costumes,
O
O
O
O
lights and an orchestra.
Began in the early 1600s in Italy.
Overture – This is the music played by the orchestra
before the curtain opens for the first act.
Aria –the song sung by a principal character in the
opera.
Recitative - is the sung dialogue between the
performers that moves the plot along.
O It is like sung speech.