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Ideas About Evolution Describe Lamarck’s hypothesis of acquired characteristics and Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Identify why variations in organisms are important. Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium Early Models of Evolution SPECIES group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves, producing fertile offspring EVOLUTION change in inherited characteristics over time NATURAL SELECTION process by which organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce VARIATION inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of the species ADAPTATION any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment Lamarckism Characteristics developed during a parent’s lifetime are inherited by the offspring. Evidence does not support this. Darwin’s Finches Darwin’s Finches The Galapagos finches ______________________ for food. Those that competed had advantages beak shapes _____________________, ______________________ that allowed them to get food survive reproduce were able to _________________ longer and _____________________ species more. Over time, groups of finches became separate ___________________. Darwin’s 5 Principles of Natural Selection 1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive 2. Differences, or variations, occur among individuals of a species 3. Some variations are passed to offspring 4. Some variations are helpful. Those with helpful variations survive and reproduce better. 5. Over time, offspring of individuals with helpful variations make up more of a population and may become a new species. Variation vs. Adaptation Variation vs. Adaptation DEFINITION EXAMPLES VARIATION ADAPTATION AN INHERITED TRAIT THAT MAKES AN INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENT FROM OTHER MEMBERS OF ITS SPECIES ANY VARIATION THAT MAKES AN ORGANISM BETTER SUITED TO ITS ENVIRONMENT Polar Bear Two layers of fur Small ears Black skin Long claws Sensitive nose Webbed feet Cuttlefish camouflage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgDE2DOICuc Variation vs. Adaptation CHANGES IN GENE SOURCES GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION WHAT HAPPENS HOW IT LEADS TO CHANGE OVER TIME, GENETIC MAKEUP OF A SPECIES MAY CHANGE WHEN NEW INDIVIDUALS ENTER AN AREA THEY CAN BRING IN DIFFERENT GENES AND VARIATIONS MOUNTAINS AND LAKES CAN ISOLATE INDIVIDUALS FROM THE POPULATION OVER SEVERAL GENERATIONS, VARIATIONS NOT COMMON IN LARGE POPULATION MAY BECOME COMMON IN ISOLATED POPULATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAZfEdthTlo Gradualism vs Punctuated Equilibrium Rapid change with few mutations Slow, ongoing process Continuous series of mutations Intermediary forms - gradual change Both show evolution Bacteria can change in just a few generations Clues About Evolution Identify the importance of fossils as evidence of evolution Explain how relative and radiometric dating are used to estimate the age of fossils List examples of five types of evidence for evolution Clues About Evolution SEDIMENTARY ROCK a type of rock made from pieces of other rocks, minerals deposited from a solution, or plant and animal matter RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT element that gives off a steady amount of radiation as it slowly changes to a nonradioactive element EMBRYOLOGY study of embryos and their development HOMOLOGOUS similar in structure, origin or function VESTIGIAL structure that does not seem to have a function and that may have functioned in the body of an ancestor Green River Formation Green River Formation Clues About Evolution Relative age of the rocks Habits and behaviors of ancient life Show what organisms looked like Information obtained from fossils Show that evolution has happened Relative Dating Youngest Oldest Relative Dating Clues About Evolution Homologo us Structures Embryolog y Other clues about evolution Vestigial Structures DNA Embryology Homologous Structures Convergent Evolution Vestigial Structures