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Transcript
Biology I Unit II: Genetics Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics Monohybrid Practice Name: ________________________ Date: _______________ Hour: ____ Monohybrid Punnett Square Practice In seals, the gene for the length of whiskers has 2 alleles. The dominant allele (W) codes for long whiskers and the recessive allele (w) codes for short whiskers. Write the genotype for the following: o Homozygous long whiskers = _____ o Homozygous dominant = ______ o Heterozygous long whiskers = _____ o Homozygous recessive = ______ o Short whiskers = ______ o Heterozygous = ______ Mate two heterozygous seals. Genotypic ratio: Key: Phenotypic ratio: Cross: 1. What is the genotype of both parents? _____________ 2. What is the phenotype of both parents? _____________ Suppose two long-whiskered seals are mated. The female is homozygous dominant, and the male is heterozygous. Cross them. Key: Genotypic ratio: Cross: Phenotypic ratio: 3. What are the genotypes of both parents? Female __________ Male ___________ 4. What percentage of the offspring would be expected to have short whiskers from this mating? ____________ -1- Mate a male seal that is true breeding for long whiskers with a female with short whiskers. Key: Genotypic ratio: Cross: Phenotypic ratio: 5. What are the genotypes of both parents? Female __________ Male ___________ Silkworms have a dominant allele (C) for yellow cocoons and a recessive allele (c) for white cocoons. 6. What is the genotype for homozygous dominant? _______________ 7. What is the genotype for homozygous recessive? _______________ 8. What is the genotype for heterozygous? _______________ 9. What is the phenotype for homozygous dominant? _______________ 10. What is the phenotype for homozygous recessive? _______________ 11. What is the phenotype for heterozygous? _______________ Perform a cross of a homozygous dominant male and a homozygous recessive female. Key: Genotypic ratio: Phenotypic ratio: Cross: 12. What percent of the offspring will make white cocoons? _____________ 13. What probability of the offspring will make yellow cocoons? _____________ 14. What probability of the offspring will carry the gene for making white cocoons while making yellow cocoons? _____________ -2- German Shepard dogs are usually black with tan (B). Sometimes there will be one that is born white (b). White is a recessive trait, so a dog has to be homozygous recessive to be born white. Mate a black and tan homozygous male with a black and tan heterozygous female. Key: Genotypic ratio: Cross: Phenotypic ratio: 15. What percentage of the puppies will be white? ________________ 16. What percentage of the puppies will have only one allele for white color? ____________ Mate a black and tan heterozygous male with a white female. Key: Genotypic ratio: Cross: Phenotypic ratio: 17. What probability of the puppies will be white? ________________ 18. What probability of the puppies will have only one allele for white color? ____________ Many humans have genetic disorders. Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease. This means that only those individuals with two recessive alleles (ff) will be afflicted with the disease, however heterozygous individuals would carry the disease and possibly pass it to their offspring. Suppose now that a woman that is a carrier for Cystic Fibrosis marries a man that does not have or carry the disease. Cross this couple. Key: Genotypic ratio: Cross: Phenotypic ratio: 19. What percentage of their children could have the disease? _______________ 20. What percentage would be carriers of the disease? ______ What is the genotype? ______ -3- Huntington’s disease is also a genetic disorder. It is caused by a dominant allele. A person with Huntington’s disease often does not show symptoms until they are older and have had children. There was a country and western singer from the 40’s and 50’s named Woody Guthrie. He sold many records and became very famous. Though he was often on the road performing, he did find the time to get married and have children. But fame was not without misfortune. Woody was diagnosed with Huntington’s disease, which he inherited from his mother. His father did not have the disease. Huntington’s disease robbed Woody his health, talent, and abilities. He spent 13 years in hospitals before his death in 1967. Arlo Guthrie is the oldest son of Woody. He inherited his father’s talent for music. He started performing in public at age 13. In the late 60’s he became very famous and performed at many rock festivals. But, is musical talent the only thing that Arlo inherited from his father? What is the chance Arlo will have Huntington’s disease? Arlo’s mom does not have the disease. 21. What would be Woody’s genotype? __________________ 22. What would be Arlo’s mom’s genotype? __________________ 23. Do a punnett square to see what Arlo’s possible genotypes are. Genotypic ratio: Key: Phenotypic ratio: Cross: 24. What is the probability Arlo has Huntington’s disease? __________________ -4-