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Christ leading
Crusaders into battle.
Western Wall
1st Temple built around 1000 BC by King Solomon. That temple was destroyed. In 538BC
Jews built a second temple which was destroyed by Romans in 70 AD: The Western Wall
is the last remaining wall of the Jew’s second temple that was destroyed by Romans.
Christians- Jerusalem is the site of Jesus life, preaching, and death & resurrection. It
is the site of the original cross and sacred stone of Christ’s tomb.
Holy Sepulcher :
Jesus was buried.
built 335 AD by Constantine. Site of tomb where
Outer room of
Tomb of Jesus
Muslims believe that in 622AD, Muhammad took a journey from Mecca to Jerusalem.
From this rock, he was lifted to heaven upon a white winged horse and spoke with Allah.
Dome of the Rock (687 AD)
•The Crusades were 8 wars that Christians
fought against Muslims to recapture the
Holy land of Jerusalem
Purpose:
To ensure safe travel for Christians to the
Holy land & retake Jerusalem from the
Muslims.
Jerusalem was considered sacred by Jews,
Christians, and Muslims.
Muslim Turks invaded the Byzantine Empire
and they closed Jerusalem to all Christians.
The Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
asked Pope Urban II for help to defend
against Muslim Turk invaders.
In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the 1st
Crusade to recapture the Holy land from the
Muslims.
Pope Urban
calls the
First Crusade
Crusaders- people who went from Western
Europe to fight for Christianity (to take up
the cross).
Why go?
Hope of adventure, gain land,
promised forgiveness for their
sins if they went, serfs were
offered freedom.
1st Crusade- Peasant Crusade-1096
Peter the Hermit: led the peasants
Knights and peasants joined together. They
were promised forgiveness for sins and to get
into heaven if they died.
30,000 Crusaders left Europe shouting:
First Crusade
Peter the Hermit
Crusaders march to Holy land
Crusader
As they marched toward Jerusalem, they
killed Jews and Muslims.
They captured the city of Jerusalem and set
up feudal kingdoms.
Crusader States
Second Crusade
3rd Crusade- King’s Crusade
Pope Gregory VII called on kings to
send armies. King Fredrick I from
Germany, King Phillip II from France,
and King Richard from England all
sent their armies.
Third Crusade
They fought against the Muslims leader,
Saladin.
The Christians realized they could not win.
King Richard and Saladin signed a
treaty in 1192 that let Christians visit
the Holy Land.
Kings Crusade
Third Crusade
4th Crusade
The Byzantine city of Constantinople was
destroyed by the Western Crusaders.
Results of the Crusades
•Trade Increased between Europe & Asia.:
• Crusaders brought back new products and
ideas & people in Western Europe wanted
them.
Results of the Crusades
•Decline in Feudalism- When lords fought
and died in the Crusades, kings took back
their land which made kings more powerful.
Revival of Knowledge: Western crusaders
brought back copies of ancient Greek and
Roman classics.
•Christians lost control of the Holy Land
forever.
•Holy Land remained under Muslim control.
•Many Jews were killed.
•Christians, Jews, and Muslims still
fight over the Holy Land.
By 1291, Muslims had taken back all of
the Holy Land and the Crusades had
ended.
The Crusades failed because: p.267
1. Crusaders had to travel long distances, many died on
the way.
2. Crusaders weren’t prepared to fight in Palestine’s hot
desert climate.
3. The Christians were outnumbered by the better
organized Muslim fighters.
4. Christian leaders fought amongst themselves and
planned poorly.
Causes of the Crusades pg. 268
Causes
1. Turks take control of the Holy Land in
1071.
2. Turks threaten Constantinople in the
1090’s.
3. Byzantine emperor asks pope for help.
Effects of the Crusades p. 268
1 Trade between Europe and Asia
increases.
•Europeans learned about new products
from Asia.
2. Kings become more powerful.
•Nobles and knights died in Crusades, kings
seized their lands.
3. Tension between Christians, Jews, and
Muslims grow.
• Christians and Muslims learned about
each others religions but also started
distrust.
.