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17. Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
Section 1.
A. ___________________________________ are abbreviated in scientific
shorthand-usually the first letter or two of the element’s name.
1. An ________________ is matter that is composed of one type of a
atom. An ___________________ is the smallest piece of matter
that still retains the properties of the element.
2. Atoms are composed of particles called _________________,
_________________________ and _____________________.
3. ______________________ and ___________________ are found in the
small positively charged center of the atom called the
_______________________ that is surrounded by a cloud
containing the electrons.
4. _______________________ are particles with an electrical charge
of 1+.
5. ______________________ and _____________________ are made up of
smaller particles called quarks.
6. ________________________ are neutral particles that do not have
an electrical charge.
7. __________________________ are negatively charged particles. (-1)
B. Quarks are smaller particles.
1. Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles
called ______________________.
2. Quarks are studied by colliding accelerated charged
particles with ______________________, which leave tracks in a
bubble chamber.
3. Six quarks are known to exist; the sixth quark is called the
__________ quark.
C. The changing atomic model
1. Dalton and other scientists used a ___________________________
as an early model of the atom.
2. By 1926, scientists developed the ____________________________
_________________________. We use this model today.
a. An __________________________________ is the area around the
nucleus where the electrons are located.
b. The electron cloud model shows ___________________
traveling in specific energy levels around the
nucleus. The nucleus has ______________ and __________.
17. Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
Section 1.
A. ___________________________________ are abbreviated in scientific
shorthand-usually the first letter or two of the element’s name.
1. An ________________ is matter that is composed of one type of a
atom. An ___________________ is the smallest piece of matter
that still retains the properties of the element.
2. Atoms are composed of particles called _________________,
_________________________ and _____________________.
3. ______________________ and ___________________ are found in the
small positively charged center of the atom called the
_______________________ that is surrounded by a cloud
containing the electrons.
4. _______________________ are particles with an electrical charge
of 1+.
5. ______________________ and _____________________ are made up of
smaller particles called quarks.
6. ________________________ are neutral particles that do not have
an electrical charge.
7. __________________________ are negatively charged particles. (-1)
B. Quarks are smaller particles.
1. Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles
called ______________________.
2. Quarks are studied by colliding accelerated charged
particles with ______________________, which leave tracks in a
bubble chamber.
3. Six quarks are known to exist; the sixth quark is called the
__________ quark.
C. The changing atomic model
1. Dalton and other scientists used a ___________________________
as an early model of the atom.
2. By 1926, scientists developed the ____________________________
_________________________. We use this model today.
a. An __________________________________ is the area around the
nucleus where the electrons are located.
b. The electron cloud model shows ___________________
traveling in specific energy levels around the
nucleus. The nucleus has ______________ and __________.
17.2 Section 2
A. Atomic Mass
1. The unit of measurement used for atomic particles is the
__________________________________________________________.
2. The mass of a _________________ or a _______________________ is
almost equal to 1 amu.
3. The atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a
______________________ atom containing _______________ protons
and ____________ neutrons.
B. Protons Identify the Element
1. The number of __________________ in an atom is equal to a
number called the ___________________________________.
2. The mass number of an atom is the sum of _________________
and ___________________________ in the nucleus of an atom.
C. Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons are called ______________________________.
1. Different isotopes have different ___________________________.
2. Number of ________________ is equal to mass number minus
atomic number.
3. Name of ________________ followed by mass number identifies
the isotope.
4. _______________________________________________________ is the
weighted-average mass of an element’s isotopes.
5. Average atomic mass is closest to its most ___________________
isotope.
DRAW A MODEL of an ATOM below. Locate the protons,
neutrons, electrons, nucleus and electron cloud. Place
symbols to indicate the charge of protons, neutrons and
electrons.
17.2 Section 2
A. Atomic Mass
1. The unit of measurement used for atomic particles is the
__________________________________________________________.
2. The mass of a _________________ or a _______________________ is
almost equal to 1 amu.
3. The atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a
______________________ atom containing _______________ protons
and ____________ neutrons.
B. Protons Identify the Element
1. The number of __________________ in an atom is equal to a
number called the ___________________________________.
2. The mass number of an atom is the sum of _________________
and ___________________________ in the nucleus of an atom.
C. Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons are called ______________________________.
1. Different isotopes have different ___________________________.
2. Number of ________________ is equal to mass number minus
atomic number.
3. Name of ________________ followed by mass number identifies
the isotope.
4. _______________________________________________________ is the
weighted-average mass of an element’s isotopes.
5. Average atomic mass is closest to its most ___________________
isotope.
DRAW A MODEL of an ATOM below. Locate the protons,
neutrons, electrons, nucleus and electron cloud. Place
symbols to indicate the charge of protons, neutrons and
electrons.
Section 3. The Periodic Table.
A. The Periodic Table. (Periodic means ______________________________.
1. In the 1800’s, Dmitri _________________________, a Russian
chemist devised the first periodic table based on ___________
__________________________________.
2. In the ___________________________________, the elements are
arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in
physical and chemical properties.
3. In 1913, the work of Henry G.J. ___________________, an English
scientist made an arrangement of elements based on their
increasing _________________________________________ instead of
masses.
4. The current periodic table uses ________________ arrangement
of the elements based on atomic numbers.
5. Energy levels nearer the ___________________ have lower energy
than those levels that are farther away.
6. Electrons fill these energy levels from the ________________
levels (closer to the nucleus) to the outer levels (farther
from the nucleus.)
7. Elements that are in the same group have the same number
of ________________________ in their outer energy level.
8. It is the number of electrons in the outer energy level that
determines the ____________________ properties of the element.
For example, __________________ ____________ ________ can contain
a maximum of _____________ electrons. Energy Level 2 can
contain at most ____________ electrons. Each row in the
periodic table ends when an outer energy level is filled.
B. Electron Dot Diagrams. Elements that are in the same
________________ have the same number of ___________________ in their
outer energy level.
1. An electron dot diagram uses the __________________ of the
element and ____________ to represent the electrons in the
outer energy level.
2. Electron dot diagrams are used also to show how the
_____________________ in the outer energy level are bonded
when elements combine to form compounds.
3. The elements in Group _______ have complete energy levels.
C. Regions of the Periodic Table
1. The horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table are
called _________________________.
2. The elements increase by one________________ and one
________________ as you go from left to right in a period.
3. The vertical columns in the periodic table are called
________________ or ____________________ and are number 1-18.
4. Elements are classified as _______________________,
_______________________________ and _____________________________.
All of the elements on the left side of the table are _________.
5. The elements located on the stair-step dividing line are
_______________________________.
D. Elements in the Universe
1. The same _____________________ exist throughout the
Universe. Elements are synthesized in ____________________
throughout the world.
2. _______________________ and ___________________ are the building
blocks of other elements.
3. Many scientists believe that _____________________ have spread
the heavier elements throughout the universe.