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17. Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table Section 1. A. ___________________________________ are abbreviated in scientific shorthand-usually the first letter or two of the element’s name. 1. An ________________ is matter that is composed of one type of a atom. An ___________________ is the smallest piece of matter that still retains the properties of the element. 2. Atoms are composed of particles called _________________, _________________________ and _____________________. 3. ______________________ and ___________________ are found in the small positively charged center of the atom called the _______________________ that is surrounded by a cloud containing the electrons. 4. _______________________ are particles with an electrical charge of 1+. 5. ______________________ and _____________________ are made up of smaller particles called quarks. 6. ________________________ are neutral particles that do not have an electrical charge. 7. __________________________ are negatively charged particles. (-1) B. Quarks are smaller particles. 1. Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called ______________________. 2. Quarks are studied by colliding accelerated charged particles with ______________________, which leave tracks in a bubble chamber. 3. Six quarks are known to exist; the sixth quark is called the __________ quark. C. The changing atomic model 1. Dalton and other scientists used a ___________________________ as an early model of the atom. 2. By 1926, scientists developed the ____________________________ _________________________. We use this model today. a. An __________________________________ is the area around the nucleus where the electrons are located. b. The electron cloud model shows ___________________ traveling in specific energy levels around the nucleus. The nucleus has ______________ and __________. 17. Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table Section 1. A. ___________________________________ are abbreviated in scientific shorthand-usually the first letter or two of the element’s name. 1. An ________________ is matter that is composed of one type of a atom. An ___________________ is the smallest piece of matter that still retains the properties of the element. 2. Atoms are composed of particles called _________________, _________________________ and _____________________. 3. ______________________ and ___________________ are found in the small positively charged center of the atom called the _______________________ that is surrounded by a cloud containing the electrons. 4. _______________________ are particles with an electrical charge of 1+. 5. ______________________ and _____________________ are made up of smaller particles called quarks. 6. ________________________ are neutral particles that do not have an electrical charge. 7. __________________________ are negatively charged particles. (-1) B. Quarks are smaller particles. 1. Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called ______________________. 2. Quarks are studied by colliding accelerated charged particles with ______________________, which leave tracks in a bubble chamber. 3. Six quarks are known to exist; the sixth quark is called the __________ quark. C. The changing atomic model 1. Dalton and other scientists used a ___________________________ as an early model of the atom. 2. By 1926, scientists developed the ____________________________ _________________________. We use this model today. a. An __________________________________ is the area around the nucleus where the electrons are located. b. The electron cloud model shows ___________________ traveling in specific energy levels around the nucleus. The nucleus has ______________ and __________. 17.2 Section 2 A. Atomic Mass 1. The unit of measurement used for atomic particles is the __________________________________________________________. 2. The mass of a _________________ or a _______________________ is almost equal to 1 amu. 3. The atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a ______________________ atom containing _______________ protons and ____________ neutrons. B. Protons Identify the Element 1. The number of __________________ in an atom is equal to a number called the ___________________________________. 2. The mass number of an atom is the sum of _________________ and ___________________________ in the nucleus of an atom. C. Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called ______________________________. 1. Different isotopes have different ___________________________. 2. Number of ________________ is equal to mass number minus atomic number. 3. Name of ________________ followed by mass number identifies the isotope. 4. _______________________________________________________ is the weighted-average mass of an element’s isotopes. 5. Average atomic mass is closest to its most ___________________ isotope. DRAW A MODEL of an ATOM below. Locate the protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus and electron cloud. Place symbols to indicate the charge of protons, neutrons and electrons. 17.2 Section 2 A. Atomic Mass 1. The unit of measurement used for atomic particles is the __________________________________________________________. 2. The mass of a _________________ or a _______________________ is almost equal to 1 amu. 3. The atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a ______________________ atom containing _______________ protons and ____________ neutrons. B. Protons Identify the Element 1. The number of __________________ in an atom is equal to a number called the ___________________________________. 2. The mass number of an atom is the sum of _________________ and ___________________________ in the nucleus of an atom. C. Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called ______________________________. 1. Different isotopes have different ___________________________. 2. Number of ________________ is equal to mass number minus atomic number. 3. Name of ________________ followed by mass number identifies the isotope. 4. _______________________________________________________ is the weighted-average mass of an element’s isotopes. 5. Average atomic mass is closest to its most ___________________ isotope. DRAW A MODEL of an ATOM below. Locate the protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus and electron cloud. Place symbols to indicate the charge of protons, neutrons and electrons. Section 3. The Periodic Table. A. The Periodic Table. (Periodic means ______________________________. 1. In the 1800’s, Dmitri _________________________, a Russian chemist devised the first periodic table based on ___________ __________________________________. 2. In the ___________________________________, the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in physical and chemical properties. 3. In 1913, the work of Henry G.J. ___________________, an English scientist made an arrangement of elements based on their increasing _________________________________________ instead of masses. 4. The current periodic table uses ________________ arrangement of the elements based on atomic numbers. 5. Energy levels nearer the ___________________ have lower energy than those levels that are farther away. 6. Electrons fill these energy levels from the ________________ levels (closer to the nucleus) to the outer levels (farther from the nucleus.) 7. Elements that are in the same group have the same number of ________________________ in their outer energy level. 8. It is the number of electrons in the outer energy level that determines the ____________________ properties of the element. For example, __________________ ____________ ________ can contain a maximum of _____________ electrons. Energy Level 2 can contain at most ____________ electrons. Each row in the periodic table ends when an outer energy level is filled. B. Electron Dot Diagrams. Elements that are in the same ________________ have the same number of ___________________ in their outer energy level. 1. An electron dot diagram uses the __________________ of the element and ____________ to represent the electrons in the outer energy level. 2. Electron dot diagrams are used also to show how the _____________________ in the outer energy level are bonded when elements combine to form compounds. 3. The elements in Group _______ have complete energy levels. C. Regions of the Periodic Table 1. The horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table are called _________________________. 2. The elements increase by one________________ and one ________________ as you go from left to right in a period. 3. The vertical columns in the periodic table are called ________________ or ____________________ and are number 1-18. 4. Elements are classified as _______________________, _______________________________ and _____________________________. All of the elements on the left side of the table are _________. 5. The elements located on the stair-step dividing line are _______________________________. D. Elements in the Universe 1. The same _____________________ exist throughout the Universe. Elements are synthesized in ____________________ throughout the world. 2. _______________________ and ___________________ are the building blocks of other elements. 3. Many scientists believe that _____________________ have spread the heavier elements throughout the universe.