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Transcript
Non-specific Immunity “First Line” of Defense • Physical barrier on all surfaces of body exposed to external world • What are they? – Skin – Mucous membranes—nasal, respiratory – Lining of mouth – Lining of gut – Lining of vagina/urethra – Surface of eye Skin Barrier Membranes How do barrier membranes keep bacteria out? • Chemical barrier—antibacterial secretions • Cellular barrier—cells tightly packed and sloughed off (10B skin cells/day=250 g./year) • Physical barrier—thick, mucousy and sticky secretions trap bacteria • Resident microbes—have commensal or mutualistic bacteria and fungi that are normally present and out-compete potential pathogens Second Line of Defense • • • • • Phagocytosis Inflammation Complement Fever All work tightly with specific immunity (coming next) Phagocytosis • Phagocytes move through blood and lymph and into connective tissues (part of inflammation response as cells and fluid move out of capillaries into surround aleolar tissues--diapedesis) •Langerhans cells in skin •Phagocytes in blood •Microglial cells in CNS Complement • Group of free proteins in blood that respond to antigen/antibody complex (huh?—coming soon) • Cascade of reactions eventually makes MAC’s—membrane attack complex—that bores hole in bacterial membrane • Gram-negative bacteria more susceptible Inflammation • Response to tissue damage from any source (burn, cut, pathogen, other??) • Blood vessels dilate allowing for better delivery of nutrients, O2, antibodies, complement, immune cells • Phagocytes (monocytes and neutrophils) migrate out of capillaries--diapedesis Fever Trigger not completely understood Muscular contraction and constriction of skin blood vessels cause core temperature to rise • Pluses • Inhibit microbial growth • Enhance immune cell performance • Speed tissue repair • • • • Minuses Malaise Body aches chills “Breaking” fever or “crisis of fever”: • body begins to cool by sweating, • “color returns” as blood vessels in skin open • Indicates infection is overcome Links to Specific Immunity • Phagocytosis continues to be common way to kill pathogenic cells in both specific and nonspecific response • Inflammation works to allow both specific and non-specific immune response to accelerate • Fever also allows for better performance in both specific and non-specific function • Specific immune response and “antigen presentation” further stimulates non-specific actions like phagocytosis, complement. Great review of “Body Defenses” or Non-specific Immunity http://fajerpc.magnet.fsu.edu/Education/2010/2010_INDEX.HTM