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Chapter 26 Digestive System
Introduction to the Digestive System
1. Describe the 6 main functions of the digestive system.
2. What is the GI tract? What organs compose it?
3. What are the accessory organs? What is their function?
4. Define the following words:
a. Sphincter
b. Peristalsis
c. Mixing motion
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
5. Describe the 5 functions of saliva
Name: _____________ Class:____
6. What is mastication?
7.
What is a bolus?
8. What materials are chemically digested by the stomach?
9. What materials are absorbed by the stomach?
10. What is chyme?
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
11. What process is completed in the small intestine?
12. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing almost all of the _____________________ and a large
percentage of the __________________ and __________________.
13. Why is it important for the small intestine to have high surface area? Describe the three anatomic structures
that increase the surface area of the small intestine.
14. Describe the accessory digestive organs associated with the small intestine and the contributions of
each to digestive processes.
15. What are the functions of bacteria within the large intestine?
16. Which substances are typically absorbed by the large intestine?
17. Define and describe the causes of constipation and diarrhea.
18. Describe the enzymes and major locations of digestion of each of the following nutrients.
a. Carbohydrates
b. Proteins
c.
Lipids
d. Nucleic acids
19. What is celiac disease? What causes it and how many people does it affect?
Chapter 27 Nutrition and Metabolism
Introduction to Nutrition
20. Differentiate between macro- and micronutrients.
21. Differentiate between essential and nonessential nutrients.
22. What are RDAs?
Macronutrients
23. Differentiate between water soluble and fat soluble vitamins. Provide 3 examples of each. Which
type of vitamin is more dangerous in excess? Why?
Regulating Blood Levels of Nutrients
24. Describe the functions and release of insulin.
25. Describe the functions and release of glucagon.
Functions of the Liver
26. Differentiate between LDL and HDL.
27. Describe the two ways in which blood cholesterol measurements might be considered unhealthy.
28. What factors influence blood cholesterol measurements?