* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ancient rome - radiansschool.org
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Promagistrate wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Constitution of the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman emperor wikipedia , lookup
Rome (TV series) wikipedia , lookup
Roman Kingdom wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Augustus wikipedia , lookup
Treaties between Rome and Carthage wikipedia , lookup
Constitution of the Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
History of the Constitution of the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
ANCIENT ROME Rome • Started out as a single city in the western middle side of the Italian peninsula. Settled in a valley located near the Tiber River. • Many different communities established in the Peninsula. Example: Greeks, Etruscans, Latin and others. • Around 600 BC, the Etruscan had come the most powerful federated society in the Italian peninsula. • They dominated many towns including Rome and tried to conquer the Greek cities but couldn’t. • During this time Rome too advantage and grew much stronger. • They built the city among the hills and slowly increased its power and riches until it dominated all the Mediterranean. The Times of the King • Roman monarchy = First period of Roman history. • During the time of the kings curiae or an assembly of families gather together to make decisions. They also elected the Kings. • They created Senate which was an assembly of aristocrat elders. • They served as advisors of the King and held lifelong positions in the Senate. • The Senators and their descendants were called Patricians. • The Patricians increased their political and religious priviledges in order to obtain land and riches. • Patricians expelled the King and established a republic. The Republic 509-27 BC • In the Republic the most powerful officials were two consuls. - One in charge of the army - One in charge of the court • The division of power was made to prevent another monarchy from forming. • Most people in Rome (Plebeians) did not have political power during this time. • The Plebeians organized and established a parallel government in Rome and presented several demands to the Patricians. • Demands: End debt slavery, participation in the Senate, written laws, distribution of public land and the power of Veto laws that affected them. • The Patricians agree to their demands, fearing the plebeians would abandon the army and rebel. PUNIC WARS (264-146 BC) Rome vs. Carthage • Stared when Rome took over Sicily, which was dominated by Carthage. Sicily was important because: • Riches • Good center of trade • Strategic location (between Carthage and Rome) • The wars continued for more than a century until Rome destroyed Carthage. • Rome kept expanding until they became the masters of the Mediterranean. The Triumvirates (3 men) • During the last years of the Republic civil war broke. This situation demonstrated the incompetence of the Roman government. • The first triumvirate was an agreement among 3 well known people who tried to take control of political power in Rome and end civil wars. • Members: Crassus, Pompey and Julius Cesar • Crassus and Pompey eventually died and Cesar gained the title of dictator for life. • He made several reforms such as punishment of government corruption and giving land to soldiers. • These reforms angered some people, who organized and assassinated him in 44 BC. • Civil war broke out again until 43 BC when Octavian Lepidus and Mark Anthony created a Second Triumvirate. Formation of the Roman Empire • The Second Triumvirate also ended in conflict. • Lepidus was exile accused of betrayal and Octavian and Mark Anthony started a civil war. • Octavian declared war on Mark Anthony because he fear that now that Anthony was in love with Cleopatra they will start a separate government and betray him. • Octavian defeated Mark Anthony after 20 year of civil war. • In 27 BC, the senate renamed Octavian, Augustus, which means “holy” or “sacred”. Octavian = Augustus • Now Augustus had supreme power and became the first emperor of Rome. Augustus = first emperor of Rome. • This was how the Roman Empire began. Emperor Constantine • Was a powerful leader in the empire since 306 AD. • Moved the Capital from Rome to Constantinople. • Was the first emperor to convert to Christianity. • Created the edict of Milan in 313 AD, in which he ordered Christianity to be tolerated in the empire. Western Empire and Eastern Empire • Theodosius I • Emperor from 379 to 395. He was the last emperor to rule over the entire empire. • Adopted Christianity as the official religion of Rome and prohibited the worship of pagan gods. • After Theodosius death his sons divided the empire in 2. • Western empire – Capital in Rome • Eastern empire – Capital in Byzantium, Constantinople. • The Western Roman Empire started to be attack by Germanic tribes an in 410 they destroy the capital, Rome. • The Western Roman Empire lost power and break into many kingdoms and the Middle Ages started. • The Eastern Roman Empire lasted another ten centuries until 1453.