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You Finished Essay 1!
Before we move on, let’s do a quick Reflection:
• Think about the Essay you just finished.
• How was it different than writing assignments you have
written in the past? How was it the same?
• Has anything changed about the way you write
essays or your writing process?
• How did you get started on your essay?
• Did you procrastinate? Did that help you or hurt you?
• What was easiest for you about the process?
• What was the most difficult?
VERBS AND VERB TENSE
Chapter 10 – Using Verbs Correctly
• Basic Past, Present, and Future Tense
Explained
• Page 267-272
• + Irregular Verbs and ESL Tips!
Consistent Verb Tense
• When we write, we need to keep our verb
tense consistent unless there we shift to
talking about a different time and it makes
sense to change the tense. (See p. 240)
• This is a required (meaning correct,
appropriate) tense shift:
Even though she cleans the counter every day,
(present – habitual action)
she found ants in her kitchen last week.
(past)
Consistent Tense Cont.
• This is an unnecessary, incorrect tense shift:
• I went to Disneyland last week. We go on all of the rides
and buy souvenirs.
• How can we correct this sentence?
Consistent Tense
• Incorrect: I went to Disneyland last week. We go on all of
the rides and buy souvenirs.
• Correct: I went to Disneyland last week. We went on all of
the rides and bought souvenirs.
• The present tense verbs “go” and “buy” have been changed to
reflect the fact that these events happened in the past (last week).
•
• I go to Disneyland every week. We go on all of the rides and buy
souvenirs.
• I will go to Disneyland next week. We will go on all the rides. We
will buy souvenirs.
Practice:
• As a class, we will do the 10 sentence exercise
at the bottom of page 245
• Make the verb tense consistent, and choose the tense
that makes the most sense with what the sentence is
saying.
• On your own, do Exercise 9-10 on page 246
• This exercise includes shifts in person, number, and
verb tense. Write the sentence correctly, and underline
your correction.
• One of the sentences is already correct. Write “correct”
beside that one.
Subject-Verb Agreement
• This is a problem area that occurs mostly with
present tense verbs and third person nouns.
– Singular subjects = add an "s" or an "es" onto the end of the
verb base
– Plural subjects = no "s"
Example:
The student likes the teacher.
The students like the teacher.
Tricky Subject-Verb Agreement
• P. 276 lists four situations where subject-verb
agreement can be tricky:
1. Verbs that come before their subjects.
– Ex: There are three spiders on the floor.
2. Words are placed between the subject and the verb.
– Ex: The group of football players practices every
afternoon.
– The football team practices every afternoon.
– The football players practice every afternoon.
3. Compound subjects (treat like a plural – no “s” on the
verb)
– Rachel and Tina study before each test.
More Verb Tenses:
• Most of you know about simple past, simple
present, and simple future tenses.
• Two of the most basic forms verbs take in English
are the base (present tense) verb and the past
tense form. (Add –ed to the base for regular
verbs.)
• Example: work (present) and worked (past)
New Verb Forms
• Now, we're going to add two more verb
forms:
• (There is a complete list of the different tenses
on p. 557)
• These forms are called
• The Present Participle
• The Past Participle
The Present Participle
• The PRESENT PARTICIPLE of a verb is
formed by adding –ing to the base of the verb.
• Simple present tense: drive
• Present Participle: is driving
• Remember, -ing verbs (present
participles) MUST have helping verbs
accompanying them.
• Wrong: The mayor running for reelection.
• This sentence is missing a helping verb.
• Right: The mayor is running for reelection.
• Added the helping verb "is."
The Past Participle
• The PAST PARTICIPLE of a verb is the form of the
verb used with the helping verbs have, has, or had.
• For most verbs in English, the past participle of a
verb is spelled the same way as the simple past form
of the verb.
• Example: I have copied the chapter from the book so I
can read it later.
• However, many verbs in English have irregular past
participles. (List on p. 555)
• Example: I have spoken to the landlord about the
problem.
• “spoken” is the past participle of “speak”
The Perfect Tenses
• Verb tenses using the Past Participle are called
PERFECT TENSES.
• PRESENT PERFECT TENSE talks about an
action that, at the present time, has already been
completed. (Highlights the fact that the action is
already done.)
• How to use it: Have/has + past participle
• I have finished my courses and I will receive my degree next week.
Perfect Tense Continued
• PAST PERFECT TENSE talks about an action that was completed
in the past by the time that some other action happened.
• How to use it: Had + past participle
• By the time that I noticed the door was open, the three dogs
had escaped.
• FUTURE PERFECT TENSE talks about an action that WILL BE
completed in the future by some specific time in the future. .
• How to use it: Will +have + past participle
• In October, I will have owned my car for three years. (October
is in the future…)
• When she comes back from her vacation, she will have spent
three weeks in Hawaii. (She isn't back yet.)
BREAK TIME!
Please return in 15 minutes
DON’T be late!
I will be passing out the prompt for the Identity Essay.
Pass out Essay 1 Prompt
• Let’s read the full prompt together carefully.
• Highlight things you need to remember, and take notes
of any ideas you have.
• This essay is a example essay that may use narrative
elements, similarly to your previous essays.
• This time, however, you will be focusing tightly on a
specific thesis (main point) that you are making
regarding something that has had an impact on your
identity
– Identity = how you see yourself and the world around you.
Description and Examples in Essays
• Descriptive Paragraphs: page 373—378
• Example Paragraphs: page 378—382
– In your essay, you will use detailed and
descriptive language to give examples of the thing
you are describing.
– In this essay, you are giving examples of how a
thing has had an impact on your identity, and you
are describing that impact and illustrating with
examples.
What are some of the major factors that
influence our identity?
• Let’s brainstorm a list together!
• We probably came up with quite a variety of
factors and issues that have an impact our
identity. Some of the ones we will be talking
about in connection with Essay 1 are:
– Culture
• Also subcultures (discuss)
– Language
• Our fluency or lack of fluency in a language and the struggles
that come with it.
– Our Bodies
• Gender/Physical Sex
• Body Image (discuss)
• Able-bodied/Disabilities (discuss)
Readings About Culture/Identity
• In-Class Reading: “What My Culture Means to Me”
• Homework Reading: “From Ignorant Bliss to
Painful Awareness” by Aurora Gilbert
• In this essay, it is being exposed to another culture that
makes the author (Gilbert) see herself, her own culture,
and her identity differently.
• Think about this when you read it.
Discuss:
• Tell me about one of the cultures you belong to
• Perhaps one that is different than the one you wrote
about for Essay 1?
• What are some of the special or unique things about that culture
that a reader from a different culture might be interested in
reading about?
• The definition of “culture” is: “the behaviors and beliefs
characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group.”
• Remember, culture is not only your race or ethnicity.
• It can definitely those things, but it can also be the “culture” you share
with your friends—your “subculture” relating to your passions, your
hobbies, your interests.
• Culture is where you come from, but it can also be what you love.
Readings About Bodies/Identity
• In-Class Reading: “Scar”
• Homework Reading: “Light Skin vs Dark” by
Charisse Jones
• You will download this reading from the blog after
I upload it tomorrow, and bring a copy to class
next week.
Discuss:
• In what ways to our bodies have an impact on
our identity?
• Let’s brainstorm all the different ways that
things about our bodies can have an impact
on how we see ourselves and the world
around us.
Readings About Language/Identity
• Homework Readings:
• “Saying ‘Adios’ to Spanglish” on page 416 in
Pathways
• “English: Friend or Foe” on page 219 in Pathways
Discuss
• What are some of the different ways in which
language and language proficiency (or other
issues relating to word/reading/writing) can
have an impact on how we see ourselves, how
other people see us, and how we see the
world?
BRAINSTORMING
• Make a list of all of the different topics you might write
about.
• Culture and Identity
• Language and Identity
• Body and Identity
• Check out the example thesis statements on the back of your prompt!
• Pick one of the topics from your list and write a
narrowed topic sentence with a controlling idea.
• Too Vague: “My culture has lots of interesting things about it.”
• Narrow and Specific: “In my subculture of science fiction fans,
making costumes for conventions requires a lot of skill and
gets the person who made the costume a lot of respect.”
Reminders: Illustrate by Examples
• Use descriptive writing. (See p. 373)
• Ask “the reporter’s questions”
– Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How
• Constantly ask yourself, “What would someone
who wasn’t there need to know?”
• Think about the attitude or feeling you want to
get across in each part of your narrative and
choose words and pieces of description that
support that feeling.
Review the Schedule
• On the class blog!