Download Plants Growth and Change

Topic 4E: Plant Growth and Changes
Unit Plan Overview
By: Alyssa Woolley & Maren Steed
1.
2.
Lesson
Plants role in
the world and
in the
environment
Science Concept
Plants are important for humans
and for the environment. Humans
and animals use plants as a source
of food. Animals usually eat the
plants’ leaves whereas; humans eat
most parts of the plant. Plants can
also be a source of shelter. Humans
use wood from plants to make
houses. Plants provide the oxygen
that humans and animals need to
breath. Plants are an important part
of the environment. Plants prevent
erosion by keeping the soil in place
so it is not blown away by wind or
washed away by rain. Plants also
provide shelter for animals to live
in.
Focus Question
How do plants
prevent erosion?
Parts of the
plant
Plants have different parts and each
part has a different function. Roots
absorb water and nutrients and
provide support to the plant. The
stem structure provides support to
the top part of the plant. It is also
the connection between the leaves
and roots to pass nutrients and
water. The leaves are where
photosynthesis occurs. The flower
is the reproduction center of the
plant.
What is
photosynthesis?
1.
Why are plants
important to
humans?
What is the purpose
of each structure of
the plant?
How do roots
absorb nutrients?
2.
SLE’s
Describe the importance of plants to
humans and their importance to the
natural environment. Students who
meet this expectation should be able
to give examples of plants being used
as a source of food or shelter, and be
aware of the role plants play in the
environment; e.g., preventing
erosion, maintaining oxygen.
Identify and describe the general
purpose of plant roots, stems, leaves
and flowers.
3.
Common
plant
categories
Plants can be classified into four
different categories. The four
categories are mosses and
liverworts, ferns, cone plants, and
flowering plants. Mosses and
liverwort plants are green and
small. Fern plants are found in
moist/wet areas such as forests or
streams. Cone plants are trees
whose needles stay on all year
round. Some examples of cone
plants are pine trees, fir trees, and
spruce trees. Flowering plants are
the plants that grow flowers. They
produce seeds which produce
offspring. Some examples of
flowering plants are sunflowers,
tulips, and oak trees. 1
4.
Requirements Plants have specific requirements
for plant
for growth such as amounts of air,
growth
light energy, water, nutrients,
space, and temperature. All these
are required for photosynthesis to
take place so the plant can grow
and produce its own food. Each
plant requires a different amount of
each for optimum growth. Not
every plant can grow in every
condition and climate; some
flourish in warm/ humid places
while others need a colder place to
grow. The right conditions need to
How are plants
classified?
3.
Describe common plants, and
classify them on the basis of their
characteristics and uses.
What happens to a
plant if it receives
too much or too
little of what it
requires?
4.
Recognize that plant requirements
for growth; i.e., air, light energy,
water, nutrients and space; vary from
plant to plant and that other
conditions; e.g., temperature and
humidity; may also be important to
the growth of particular plants.
Can a plant grow in
a different climate?
Do all plants have
the same
requirements for
growth?
5. Identify examples of plants that have
special needs.
10. Describe the care and growth of a
plant that students have nurtured, in
particular:
be met for the plant to have a
healthy life cycle.
identify the light,
temperature, water and
growing medium
requirements of the plant
plant
structures of the plant.
5.
6.
Plant
Communities
Life cycle of
a plant
Plant communities are a collection
of plants in an area that have
similar needs such as light,
temperature and water. Different
plant communities include
grasslands, forest, desert, tropical,
and mountains.
What are the types
of plant
communities?
Plants have a common life cycle
starting as a seed all the way to a
fully grown plant. New plants are
not identical to parent plants.
There are four stages to a plants life
cycle. They include seed
germination, plant growth,
flowering and seed growth/release.
Germination is “the sprouting or
early growth of a plant seed or
spore”. The roots of the plant then
start to grow in order to absorb
nutrients for plant growth. Next the
stem of the plant will grow which is
followed by the leaves. The
flowering part of the life cycle is
when the plant is fully grown and
flowers form. During the flowering
phase pollination occurs and the
plant develops its seeds. Once the
What are the stages
in a plant’s life
cycle?
In which plant
community do we
live?
6. Recognize that a variety of plant
communities can be found within the
local area and that differences in
plant communities are related to
variations in the amount of light,
water and other conditions.
7.
Recognize that plants of the same
kind have a common life cycle and
produce new plants that are similar,
but not identical, to the parent plants.
How are new plants
propagated?
8. Describe ways that various flowering
plants can be propagated, including
What are the
from seed, from cuttings, from bulbs
reproductive parts
and by runners.
of a plant?
9. Nurture a plant through one
complete life cycle—from seed to
seed.
10. Describe the care and growth of a
plant that students have nurtured, in
particular:
water and growing medium
requirements of the plant
seeds are fully developed the plant
will release them in a different
ways. 2 As we nurture a plant from
seed we can observe all of the
stages of the life cycle of a plant.
Flowering plants are propagated in
4 different ways (seeds, cuttings,
bulbs and runners). Propagation by
seeds is where a seed is planted and
a new plant then grows out of that
seed. Cutting is where a portion of
the parent plant is cut and
transplanted in water, soil, etc so
that it can grow roots and become a
new plant. 3 Non-seed bearing
plants use cuttings, bulbs and
runners to reproduce. Bulbs are
“rounded underground storage
organ that contains the shoot of a
new plant.” 4 When conditions are
favourable the bulb will then grow.
Propagation by runners is where the
plant “grows along the ground or
downward from a hanging basket,
producing a new plant at its tip”5.
The reproduction structures of the
plant
reproductive
structures of the plant.
plant are found in the flower. The
stamen is the male part of the
flower. The stamen includes the
anther and the filament. Pollen is
made in the anther. The carpel is
the female part of the flower. The
carpel includes the stigma, style
and ovary. The pollen fertilizes the
ovules which is located in the
ovary. Once pollination occurs a
seed is produced.6
7. Seed
distribution
Plant seeds can be disturbed in
many ways including wind, water,
animal and explosion. Each seed
has certain structures that make it
easier to be dispersed. Seeds that
are dispersed by
wind have hairs and wings on them.
Seeds carried by animals have
hooks or are sticky. Seeds
dispersed by water are light weight
and float. Seeds distributed in
explosions are released from its
own plant.
How are seeds
dispersed?
What structures
helps seeds be
dispersed by wind,
animals and water?
11. Describe different ways that seeds
are distributed; e.g., by wind, by
animals; and recognize seed
adaptations for different methods of
distribution.
How does the
explosion method
work?
______________
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5
Globio. (n.d.). Plants. Retrieved from http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/article.aspx?art_id=30.
Ehow. (2012). The plant life cycle for kids. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_6382324_plant-life-cycle-kids.html.
Plant Propagation. (2011). Plant propagation technique: Cutting. Retrieved from http://plantpropagation.com/cuttings.htm.
Dictionary. (2012). Bulbs. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulb.
The Univeristy of Arizona (1998). PLANT pROPAGATION: ASEXUAL pROPAGATION. Received from
http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/propagation/asexual.html.
6
Enchanted Learning. (2010). Flower anatomy. Received from
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/printouts/floweranatomy.shtml.
Topic 4E: Plant Growth and Changes
Student Ideas and Scientific Explanation Chart
Lesson/ Topic
Plants role in the
world and in the
environment
Student Ideas
“Plants produce oxygen for our
benefit”7
“Plants breathe by inhaling carbon
dioxide and exhaling oxygen”8
Scientific Explanation
“Plants take in air through their leaves. Both carbon dioxide
and oxygen are used for different processes. Photosynthesis
requires carbon dioxide, while respiration requires oxygen.
While plants do release oxygen, it is a by-product of
photosynthesis and is not released through breathing. Plants
do not breathe. They absorb air through the stomata (pores)
in their leaves.”2
Part of the plant
“Plants feed by absorbing food
through their roots”1
The roots are absorbing water and nutrients which the plant
then uses to make its own food through photosynthesis. The
food is not directly absorbed through the roots.
Common plant
categories
“That trees, vegetables and grass are
not plants”2
Trees, vegetables and grass are classified under the category
of plants. They all start from a seed and grown into a larger
version of itself. To be classified as a plant, the plant has to
go through photosynthesis which all three items do.2
Requirements
for plant growth
“Sunlight helps plants grow by
keeping them warm”2
The plant doesn’t need to stay warm to help it grow. “It is
the chloroplasts in the plant absorb the sun’s energy for use
in photosynthesis”.2
“Leaves change color because they
don't have much moisture, get dry,
and turn brown”9
During the fall and winter plants don’t receive enough
sunlight or moisture that is needed for photosynthesis. As a
result of reduced photosynthesis and chlorophyll the leaves
turn color11
Plant “food” is a misnomer because
mineral nutrients are not really food
for plants. “Fertilizer” is the correct
term. 10
Plant
communities
Life cycle of a
plant
Fertilizer is not the same thing as plant food. “Most plants
get hydrogen, oxygen and carbon from water and from the
air, but plants also need other nutrients that they usually get
from the soil. Fertilizer contains these and other nutrients for
plants, as well as fillers. Plants use these nutrients in
fertilizers (and in the environment) to produce their own
food.”4
“Students believe plants cannot
sexually reproduce”12
Plants contain both male and female reproductive organs.
During fertilization (pollination) the pollen from the anther
is transferred to the stigma.15 The plant then grows seeds
within the fruit.
Some believe that the fruit comes
The seed develops after pollination. The fruit develops as a
Seed
distribution
first and then the seed develops 13
“by-product to the reproductive process”. The fruit also acts
as a protection to the seed.7
“Grass, trees, and other plants die in
the winter and are born in the
spring”14
Some plants in colder climates will not die in the winter but
will either “rest” or go “dormant” when conditions are not
favourable for growth. In spring those plants will come out
of their resting or dormant stage and continue to grow.16
Seeds have to be planted.1
Seeds do not have to be planted for them to grow. As long
as the seed has water and sunlight it can germinate. In some
science classes, the students will grow a bean sprout without
planting the seed. This is done by placing a seed in a glass
container and held in placed by a wet paper towel. The seed
will then sprout roots and grow into a bean sprout. This
experiment is done without ever planting a seed in soil.
Children’s Ideas in Science. (2008). Common misconceptions about plants- obtaining and using energy. Retrieved from
http://homepage.mac.com/vtalsma/misconcept.html#plants.
2
Beyond Penguins and Polar Bears. (n.d.). Common misconceptions about plants. Retrieved from
http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/polar-plants/common-misconceptions-about-plants.
3
Home of Bob. (n.d.). Plants including trees misconceptions. Retrieved from
http://www.huntel.net/rsweetland/science/misconceptions/plants.html.
4 E How Home. (2012). Is plant food the same as fertilizer? Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_7993194_plant-food-samefertilizer.html#ixzz1kgQgHDpG
5
Science Made Easy. (2011). Autumn leaves and fall foliage, why do leaves fall colors change? Retrieved from
http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/leaves.html
6 Biology Science Misconceptions. (1994). Biology science misconceptions. Retrieved from
http://departments.weber.edu/sciencecenter/biology%20misconceptions.htm
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8
9
10
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Primary Science Assessment Item. (2007). Identified misconceptions. Retrieved from
http://www.ied.edu.hk/apfslt/v8_issue1/boohk/boohk3.htm
Home of Bob. (n.d.) Reproduction, life cycle, cloning misconceptions. Retrieved from
http://www.huntel.net/rsweetland/science/misconceptions/reproduction.html
Oracle Think Quest. (n.d.) Bio review plants. Retrieved from http://library.thinkquest.org/28751/review/plants/6.html
Answers.com. (2012). Why do some plants die in winter, while others don’t. Retrieved from http://www.answers.com/topic/why-do-someplants-die-in-winter-while-others
don-t
Schools Net. (2011). Lesson plan: Seed dispersal. Retrieved from
http://www.schoolsnet.com/pls/hot_school/sn_primary.page_pls_resource_detail?x=16180339&p_res_id=1443