Download Evolution Test Study Guide

Evolution Test Study Guide
Write your answers on a different sheet of paper for credit.
1. Which of the three graphs shown in Figure 16-1 might show a population of birds with members that
specialize in different types of food?
2. Which graph in Figure 16-1 shows Directional Selection?
3. Which graph in Figure 16-1 shows Disruptive Selection?
4. Which graph in Figure 16-1 shows Stabilizing Selection?
5. Competition for resources plays a key role in natural selection. Use Figure 16-3 to determine if this
explanation is the best way to explain the competition for food and its influence on the evolution of the
large tree finch. Y/N: Because of the larger beak of the large tree finch, it can eat large insects, thus
reducing competition.
6. Does Figure 16-3 show the formation of speciation? Y/N
7. In Figure 16-3, what is the best reason for all of these birds to have different beaks?
8. In Figure 15-3, based on the phenotype (looks) of each tortoise, determine which tortoise goes with its
habitat.
9. Based on Figure 16-2, what mechanism appears to keep bullfrogs reproductively isolated? (Keeps
them from mating with other frog species)
10. In Figure 16-2, when does the brief period which all frog mating nearly stops?
11. Peeper frogs and leopard frogs do not interbreed even when they share a habitat. Do the mating rituals
(croaking or behavior) keep the two species reproductively isolated? Y/N
12. Scientists have never seen the ancient horses shown in Figure 15-2. Y/N: Is the main type of evidence
scientists used to prepare these diagrams observing fossils? Would this evidence show markings or
hide colors?
13. According to Figure 15-2, how did the overall body of the horse change during its evolution? What
probably caused this change?
14. T/F: Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have
many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches originated from a
common ancestor that was also a finch.
15. When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is?
16. The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called?
17. T/F: The two main sources of genetic variation are genotypes and phenotypes.
18. Y/N: Do gene pools (assortment of genes from parents) typically have variation?
19. What is the result of natural selection? What does it show?
20. When Li0ons prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of
Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
21. T/F: Genic drift is when individuals at only one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have high
fitness.
22. What is the result of organs in a species appearing or disappearing in Lamarck’s theory of evolution?
23. What is a gene pool?
24. T/F: Darwin realized that the economist Malthus’s theory of population control could be generalized to
any population of organisms.
25. T/F: Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos, he
wondered if all birds on the different islands were finches.
26. Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests that…
27. Y/N: Does interbreeding among members of a population result in no changes in the relative
frequencies of alleles (traits) in the gene pool?
28. What process has probably occurred in a population of finches in which one group of birds has a short,
parrot like beak and another group has a long, narrow beak?
29. T/F: According to Darwin, an adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be physical or
geographical.
30. Y/N: A polygenic trait can have many possible genotypes (types of genes), producing many possible
phenotypes (looks).
31. Y/N: Did DNA help Darwin create his concept of evolution?
32. Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than they
Fowler’s toad does. What can be inferred from this information?
33. What do farmers look for when selecting animals or plants to use for breeding?
34. Y/N: In Lamarck’s theory of evolution, body structure can change according to the actions of the
organism. Is this a major concept included in his theory?
35. T/F: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms belong to species that never change.
36. What does natural selection act directly on?
37. If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor(s) might determine whether
the frequency of the new allele (trait) will increase? (think of dot lab)
38. The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands displayed different
structural adaptations. What was one of the adaptations that Darwin noted?
39. Where did Charles Darwin make many observations during his voyage on the Beagle?
40. T/F: The geographical isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between
their gene pools because it prevents cross breeding between the populations.
41. Y/N: Is mating random in allele frequencies of a population that are more likely to remain uncharged?
42. T/F: According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best
adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the lack of competition within the species.
43. What factor would most likely disrupt frequency (shape of bell curve) in a large population?
44. T/F: The most important factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species from an existing
species population is reproductive isolation.
45. What can phenotypes (looks) for a typical polygenic (many genes) trait can often be expressed as? (i.e.
graph, curve, ratio, frequency)
46. What is the best definition of evolution by natural selection?
47. T/F: Geologists James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work suggests that all rocks on Earth contain
fossils.
48. The Galapagos finch species is an excellent example of what?
49. T/F: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution does not discuss that more offspring are born than survive to
adulthood.
50. Y/N: Did Darwin know about genes and DNA being passed from parent to offspring?
51. What was the driving factor for why the Galapagos finches had different beaks?
52. What are the two ideas of Darwin’s Evolution based upon?
53. What is the percentage of all relative frequencies equal to? (Think of the dot lab.)
54. When did Darwin begin to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection?
55. T/F: According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the current living individuals that tend to survive
are those that have variations best suited to the environment.
56. What did economist Thomas Malthus suggest?
57. T/F: When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is not
predictable.
58. Although they often live in the same habitat, the Sterkyfinch does not breed with the turkey finch, even
though they lay eggs in the spring at the same time. T/F: Does this mean that the two species do not
interbreed because of temporal of behavioral insulation?
59. What did Charles Darwin view the fossil record as?
60. What did Charles Darwin observe on the Galapagos Islands?
61. In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur
is not used for anything. In humans we do not use our wisdom teeth. Is this an example of vestigial
structures or acquired traits?
62. T/F: Finches choose mates with beaks bigger than their own to ensure offspring have the largest beak
possible.
63. What was the title for Charles Darwin’s work that published his revolutionary scientific ideas during
1859?
64. Y/N: Is this an example of behavioral isolation? A population having some plants whose flowers (the
flower is the sexual organs of a plant) open at midday and other plants whose flowers open late in the
day.
65. What does a bell-shaped curve showing the phenotypes (looks) for human height indicate about the
relative number of very short and very tall people?
66. Can a hybrid be a species? Explain.
67. Y/N: Are directional selection and disruptive selection similar due to both being shifts from the center of
the bell curve?
68. Assume that a geographic barrier that results in two very different ecosystems splits a single
population. What would likely happen to the two separate populations?
69. What sources of evidence did Charles Darwin consider when he presented hi concept of evolution by
natural selection?
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15.3
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16.1