Download File

Name: _________________________________________
Date: _____________
MODIFIED BIOLOGY – EVOLUTION TEST REVIEW PACKET
1. Define natural selection AND list the parts of the theory of natural selection.
N.S. is the process where traits that improve fitness increase in a population over time. 1.
Over-reproduction, 2. Struggle for survival, 3. Variation exists in individuals, 4. N.S. is
always occurring.
2. What is the difference between a law and a theory? Give an example of each.
Law: Observations lead to a mathematical model that is always correct under specific
circumstances. Theory: An explanation of an event or series of events based on
substantial experimental evidence. Both may be revised or shown to be wrong and both
are based on observations. Cell Theory/ Law of Gravity
3. The physical and behavioral traits that enable organisms to survive are called
____adaptations________.
4. ________fitness___________ is the ability to survive, reproduce, and pass on your
genes.
5. Define fossils.
Preserved remains of extinct organisms. Found in sedimentary rock
__A__6. Noticing that the ear structure of an ancient wolf is similar to the ear of a whale
is an example of
A. homologous structures
B. vestigial organs
C. comparative DNA
7. Give 3 examples of vestigial structures in humans.
Wisdom teeth; appendix; tail bone; body hair
8. According to Darwin, evolution occurs by ________Natural Selection______.
9. Define variation.
Differences in traits between individuals. Maybe physical, behavioral, or chemical.
10. List the 3 parts of Lamarck’s theory.
1. Organisms have a desire to change; 2. Traits develop due to want, need or use;
3. Traits may then be passed onto offspring.
Evaluate the following statements and decide if they describe Charles Darwin’s theory of
evolution or Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’s theory of evolution. Place a D on the line if it is a
Darwinian statement, and an L on the line if it is Lamarckian.
_D__11. A population of rabbits may include some with short, medium and long ears
due to variation.
_L__12. Flightless insects know that flying would be an advantage to escaping predators
and gathering food. Therefore, they want to develop wings to help them fly.
__D_13. Flowers in a field compete with each other for sunshine. The tallest flowers
will receive the most sunshine and will be able to photosynthesize better and grow,
whereas the shorter flowers will receive less sunshine and will remain smaller.
_L_14. A population of tigers runs around the grassland for 5 years hunting gazelles.
Their legs develop large muscles during these five years. All of their cubs have equally
strong muscles/large legs as a result.
Use the word bank to complete the fill-ins below.
BEAGLE
LAW
ARTIFICIAL
AZORES
TERRIER
THEORY
LAMARCK
ADAPTATION
SPECIES
DARWIN
NATURAL
FITNESS
GENUS
WALLACE
GALAPAGOS
VARIATION
____Species___________15. Interbreeding population of organisms that produces
healthy, fertile offspring
______Galapagos_________16. Islands where Darwin did observations
_____Variation___________17. Differences amongst members of a population
_____Adaptation______18. Inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance
of survival
_______Wallace_______19. Scientist whose ideas of evolution influenced Darwin
GENETIC
EVOLUTION
____Beagle__________20. Ship on which Darwin traveled
______Evolution_________21. Change over time
_______Natural______22. Type of selection Darwin wrote about, where individuals
with greater fitness leave more offspring than those with less fitness.
In England, there are many birch trees. Birch trees have white bark. After the
Industrial Revolution, the birch trees became covered with soot, making the bark appear
dark in color. In non-industrial areas, the birch trees remained white. There is a species of
moths that live on these birch trees. There are light colored moths and dark colored moths.
Birds eat the moths. Look at the following chart and use it to answer the questions that
follow.
DISTANCE TO
INDUSTRIAL
AREA
1 km
100 km
500 km
NUMBER
OF DARK
MOTHS
59,274
33,965
1,502
NUMBER OF
LIGHT
MOTHS
2,678
35,567
65,978
23) What color are the trees closest to the industrial area? ___Dark______
24) What color is the majority of moths closer to the industrial area? _Dark___
25) What color are the trees farthest from the industrial area? ___Light_____
26) What color moths do you think the birds eat the most of farthest from the industrial
area? ___Dark_____
27) How does the environment (nature) determine which moths will live or die?
In a darker environment the dark moths blend in and have a better chance of survival. In
a lighter environment, the trees without soot, the dark moths will stick out and have a
lower chance of survival.
Experimental Analysis: Analyze the following experimental results and relate them to
natural selection.
Problem: Does the length of a giraffe’s neck affect their reproductive rates?
Hypothesis: If a giraffe has a longer neck, then they will produce more offspring, because a
longer neck allows them to get more food in their environment and survive longer.
Experiment: Two large artificial environments were created for giraffes. Both environments
tried to simulate nature. Each was kept at 35oC and contained grass (habitat), and 10 trees (food
supply). Two hundred giraffes were collected. Half of the girafess (100) had necks shorter than
2 feet and the other half (100) had necks longer than 2 feet. The short neck giraffes were placed
in one environment and the long neck giraffes were placed in the other environment. Both groups
were allowed to interact and reproduce for 6 years. The number of offspring were counted every
year and the results were made into the chart below.
Results:
NUMBER OF OFFSPRING FOR DIFFERENT GIRAFFES PRODUCED OVER A 6
YEAR PERIOD
Short neck
giraffes
Long neck
giraffes
Year #1
0
Year #2
7
Year #3
10
Year #4
16
Year #5
19
Year #6
25
0
10
22
28
31
40
28) Write a conclusion based on the results above. HINT: Refer back to and restate the
hypothesis, and be sure to use data to support your conclusion!
Based on the hypothesis that longer necked giraffes will produce more offspring than
shorter-necked giraffes, the data shows that longer-necked giraffes do, in fact, leave more
offspring than shorter-necked giraffes.
29) Which giraffe, the short-neck or the long-neck, is best fit for this environment?
___Long neck___
30) Explain your response to question #2 in terms of natural selection.
Fitness is the ability to survive and reproduce. Those that are best fit will have higher
reproductive rates, hence, longer-necked giraffes are better fit.