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C. Melendez-Christensen F2013 Modified by DYH Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans • • • • • http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/32A31 0FA-73E8-4201-B9E4311405F5A4C4/0/Aa.jpg Gram negative coccobacillus Facultative anaerobe Non-motile and non-spore forming Oral commensal Secretes toxin virulence factors: – Leukotoxin- kills white blood cells – Cytolethal distending toxin- Arrests cell cycle causing irregular growth • Associated with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) and other systemic conditions C. Melendez-Christensen F2013 Modified by DYH Stress Resistance • Under normal conditions, anti-toxin is bound to the toxin • When activated by outer pressure, the anti-toxin is degraded • Free toxin is then able to act within the bacteria to help survival by inhibiting transcription or translation