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Download Heliobacter pylori - University of Louisville
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D. Brown F2013 Modified by DYH Heliobacter pylori • Gram negative bacterium • Helix-shaped • Commonly linked to stomach ulcers • Facultative aerobe • May contain pathogenicity islands • Contain the cagA gene which contributes in the formation of stomach ulcers. • They are found in the upper respiratory tract of more than 50 % of people in the world • Genome is 1.7 Mbps, containing around 1550 genes. http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/pluym_evan/ D. Brown F2013 Modified by DYH Heliobacter pylori • Uses it flagella to dig through the stomach lining to reach the epithelial cells • Forms adhesins which bind to epithelial cell membrane’s lipids and carbohydrates • To regulate pH, it produces ammonia, which is toxic to epithelial cells • After attachment, the Type IV secretion system injects peptidoglycan and CagA protein into the epithelial cells, which promotes inflammation and disrupts the cytoskeleton, respectively. http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v2/n9/fig_tab/nrmicro955_F3.html • There are a few strains where antibiotic resistance has recently occurred.
