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Study guide-Byzantine and Islamic Empires Byzantine Empire Eastern half of the Roman Empire-capital at Constantinople o Lasted about 1000 years after the fall of Rome Preserved the culture and learning of the Greeks and Romans Emperor Justinian’s greatest achievement was his Code of laws Great Schism 1054- split of Christianity between Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church o Disagreement of Church authority o Disagreement over the worship of icons o Greek became language of Orthodox Church Influenced Russia through trade– Religion (Orthodox Church) and use of Cyrillic alphabet Wealth came from trade with East Islamic Empire Islam is the third monotheistic religion to start in the Middle East Five Pillars are duties of Muslims and provides a guide to good, moral behavior o Confession of faith o Prayer-5 x daily facing Mecca o Alms- charity to poor o Fasting-during Ramadan o Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca once during person’s lifetime The Qur’an is the Holy book of the Muslims Hegira [hijra] is the migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 First 4 Caliphs known as “Rightly Guided” because they followed the example set by Muhammad Jews and Christians were tolerated and called “people of the book” Shar’ia is the Islamic law with guides daily life Umayyad Caliphate moved capital to Damascus Abbasid Caliphate moved capital to Baghdad Islam split into 2 sects o Sunni- believe that leader should be person who shows the best example of proper Muslim living [Sunna]; majority of Muslims o Shi’a [Shi’ite]- believe that leader should be a descendant of Muhammad Golden Age of Islam began during rule of Abbasid Caliphate o Achievements in science, medicine, and mathematics o Literary achievements Poetry Stories of 1001 Nights well known o Preserved learning of Greeks and Romans o Diversity in empire helped cultural diffusion to take place o Western Europe will learn about Islamic achievements when trade begins between areas as a result of the Crusades