Download Later Stages of CW Ppt - Taylor County Schools

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 Issued
by President Lincoln, emancipating all
slaves in states still engaged in rebellion
against the Union.
“…all persons held as slaves … are, and
henceforward shall be free”
— Abraham Lincoln
 The
five-page document declared that slaves in the
rebel states were free and provided them with the
support of the U.S. government—including the Army
and Navy.
 The
Emancipation Proclamation only applied to the
states in rebellion.
 Lincoln’s
advisors did not initially support the
Emancipation Proclamation.
 First
Confiscation Act: Congress authorized the
confiscation of any property—including slaves—used
in the rebellion against the U.S. government
(August 1861.)
 Second
Confiscation Act: declared that slaves held by
supporters of the Confederacy who crossed over
Union lines were "forever free." (July 1862)
A
week later the first daft of the Emancipation
Proclamation was read by Lincoln to his Cabinet.
 Why
did Lincoln wait so long into the war to
issue this proclamation?
 The Union needed a decisive victory to lend
credence to the proclamation and got one
at the Battle of Antietam (September 17th
1862.)
 September
22nd 1862: Lincoln Signed the
preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. It
became law January 1, 1963.

Served as a firm demonstration of the President’s executive
war powers.

Changed the focus of the war: pushed slavery to the forefront.

Helped prevent the involvement of foreign nations in the war.
Paved the way for African-Americans to fight for their freedom.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eEMit4pljs
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Led the way to eventual total abolition of slavery in the U.S.
 Lincoln
considered the Emancipation
Proclamation the crowning achievement of
his presidency.
Union
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23,049 Casualties
George G. Meade
Victory
Confederate
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28,063 Casualties
Robert E Lee
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Lee lost more than 1/3 of
his army
Decisive battle of Eastern
front and turning point of
CW
Lee would be on the
defensive for the
remainder of the war
Bloodiest Battle of the
Civil War (51,000)
9 of the 120 generals
were killed
1/3 of all civil war dead
photos were taken here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsszvmuZBR4
 Lincoln’s
3-minute dedication of the Soldiers’ National
Cemetery in Gettysburg is considered one of the most
important speeches in American History.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCXUbQ4JjXI
 The
Gettysburg Address recast the Civil War in a new
light, and Americans came away with a new
understanding of the nation’s purpose—preserving a
union based on the ideal that “all men are created
equal.”

Sherman's famed march to the sea, known as the Savannah
Campaign, started after the encirclement of Atlanta in August,
1864. On November 15th, 62,000 men began the march across
Georgia, leaving a 60-mile-wide path of destruction to the port
city of Savannah.

The purpose of the march was to make
Southern civilians understand the
harshness of war and weaken their
support for continuing the struggle.
 This
was the third part of the newly revised
Anaconda Plan:
o 1. Blockade southern ports
o 2. Station Union vessels on the Mississippi River
o 3. Destroy southern military targets, industry,
infrastructure, and civilian property—disrupting the
Confederacy's economy and transportation networks
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o
“Total War” - warfare that includes civilian-associated resources
and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilizes all of
the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to
warfare over non-combatant needs
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/shermans-march

Sherman's bold move of operating deep within enemy
territory without supply lines is considered to be
revolutionary in the annals of war.

Sherman reached Savannah, GA on December 21, sparing
the beautiful, historic port city, then turned his destructive
forces toward South Carolina.
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“I am tired and sick of war. Its glory is all moonshine. It is
only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the
shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for
blood, for vengeance, for desolation. War is hell.”
- William Tecumseh Sherman

By the summer of 1864, the war stretched into its 4th year, and Union and
Confederate troops seemed mired in a bloody stalemate. Lincoln’s prospects for
re-election looked dim.

When Sherman’s troops captured Atlanta on September 2nd, it proved to be a
crucial turning point in the war, and in the election.

In November, Lincoln won re-election, capturing 55% of the popular vote to
George McClellan’s 45%, along with a landslide victory in the Electoral College.
“With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God
gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up
the nation’s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his
widow, and his orphan—to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a
lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.”
A.Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address
http://www.history.com/news/remembering-lincolns-second-inauguration-150-years-later

While Sherman rampaged through GA & SC, General
Ulysses S. Grant was focused on capturing Richmond,
Virginia, the Confederate capital.

Grant had tried, unsuccessfully, for ten months to infiltrate
the city. He was finally successful after his victory at
Petersburg, VA in early April, 1865. (50 miles from
Richmond)
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The Confederates knew that if Richmond fell the war would
surely be over.

Robert E. Lee sent a letter to Jefferson Davis after the Siege of
Petersburg, saying that they would be better off abandoning the
capital because it could no longer be defended. Taking
immediate action Davis burned all Confederate documents about
the war and went on the run.

Confederates set Richmond on fire to leave nothing for the Union
to use against the remaining Confederates.
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The Confederates were running out of food and supplies, and
were surrounded by Union forces, cut off from escape to the
South.
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April 9th 1865: Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Grant at
Appomattox Station a few days after Richmond had fallen to
Union troops.

Through lenient terms, Confederate troops were paroled and
allowed to return to their homes. Union soldiers were ordered to
refrain from overt celebration or taunting. Although not the end
of the war, the surrender of Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia set
the stage for its conclusion.