Download ch16s5sg

NAME__________________________
Chapter 16 The Civil War (1861-1865) Section 5
The War’s Final Stages
Total War Strikes the South
•General William Tecumseh Sherman destroyed
___________________
•The city was burned and citizens were ordered to
leave
•Sherman said: “War is ___________________ ,
and you cannot refine it”
•The deliberate strategy to bring the horrors of war
to the Southern people is called _______________
•Including terror, starvation, violence, and
homelessness
Union Strategy
•By 1864- The Union forces surrounded the South
•Cut off imports and ___________________
•The Union controlled the Mississippi River
•Western Confederate states were cut off
•General Grant would draw up a bold plan of
attack
Grant
•Ulysses S. Grant was only an average student
•And a ___________ as a farmer and businessman
•But as a ___________________ was brilliant
•Victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga
•March 1864- Lincoln put Grant in charge of all
the ___________________ armies
Grant in Charge
•Grant had a plan to deliver killing blows from all
sides
•Grant would attack ___________________
•At the same time, Sherman would lead his attacks
across the Deep South
•Grant’s 115,000 soldiers met Lee’s 64,000 soldiers
in a series of ___________________ at Richmond
•Grant promised Lincoln, “Whatever happens,
there will be no turning back”
•Grant was determined to march southward,
attacking Lee’s forces
•Until they ___________________
The Wilderness Campaign
•Between Washington D.C. and Richmond is an
area of dense forests called the Wilderness
•May 5, the 6 bloodiest weeks of the war begun
•Grant and Lee struggled through _____________
•“It was a blind and bloody hunt to the death”
•Both sides had many ___________________
•Brushfires went through the forest
___________________ alive 200 wounded men
The Wilderness Campaign Continued
•Grant then moved south toward Richmond
•The next battles were fought at nearby
Spotsylvania Courthouse and at Cold Harbor
•A Union general observed me “writing their
_______________ and home addresses on slips of
paper and pinning them to the back of their coats”
•To help people identify their bodies
•Grant’s critics called him a “butcher” because of
the huge loss of ______________ among his troops
•___________________ deaths in 30 days
The Petersburg Siege
•A ___________________ center that was vital to
Confederate movement of troops and supplies
•If grant could take Petersburg, Richmond would
be cut off from the rest of the Confederacy
•Trains brought ___________________ and
reinforcements to the Union troops
•The Confederates could get _________________
•For _______ months, the Confederates held out
•The ___________________ won
Sherman in Georgia
•Sherman reached Atlanta and met the
Confederates under John ___________________
•Hood’s forced put up major resistance
•Finally, on Sept. 1, Hood abandoned the city
•The mood in the South was _________________
•“There is no hope, but we will try to have no fear”
Farragut at Mobile Bay
•David Farragut was the highest___________________ officer in the Union
•Farragut joined the navy when he was __ years old
•Now in 1864 , he was leading a fleet of 18
___________________ through a narrow channel
into Mobile Bay in Alabama
•The Confederates had two forts on either side of
the channel, and they mined the waters with
___________________
•Guns fired from both sides, what should Farragut
do?
•“Damn the torpedoes, ___________ speed ahead!”
•Farragut was suffering ___________________
and had himself tied to the ship
•The invasion worked, the Union took the last
Southern ______________ east of the Mississippi
The Election of 1864
•1864- opposition to the war grew in the North
•Lincoln was in danger of __________ the election
•After Atlanta fell and Mobile Bay was blocked,
Northerners felt they could win
•Lincoln won the election
•Lincoln interpreted his reelection as a clear sign
from the voters to end ___________________
permanently by amending the Constitution
•On January 31, 1865, Congress passed the
________ Amendment, banning slavery in the US
Sherman’s March to the Sea
•The Union wanted to break the will of the South
•Sherman and his men became destroyers
•They burned cities and farmlands across
___________________ to the Atlantic coast
•Known as Sherman’s _____________ to the Sea
•Sherman continued his path of destruction through
the Carolinas
•Took ___________________ , tore up railroad
lines and fields, and killed livestock in an effort to
destroy anything useful to the South
•1000s of enslaved people were ______________
Back to Grant
•Grant continued the siege of Petersburg
•April 2, 1865, Confederate lines broke and Lee
withdrew
•As word got to Jefferson Davis, he and his cabinet
gathered ___________________
•Also ordered bridges and weapons useful to the
enemy be set on ___________________
•Then Davis and the cabinet ___________ the city
Richmond
•The armory was set on fire
•Lincoln and his son Tad toured burning Richmond
and said:
•“Thank God I have lived to see this. It seems to
me that I have been dreaming a horrid nightmare
for four years, and now the nightmare is ________”
•Joyful African Americans followed Lincoln
everywhere, singing, laughing, and reaching out to
___________________ him
•At the Confederate president’s house, Lincoln sat
in a chair in ___________________ office and
“looked far off with a dreamy expression”
Surrender at Appomattox
•Grant wrote to Lee- “The result of last week must
convince you of the hopelessness of further
resistance”
•Lee believed he needed to ________________ on
•But then the Union captured a train carrying
___________________ to his troops and Lee was
completely surrounded, he knew it was over
•In the little town of Appomattox Court House,
Virginia, Grant met with Lee
•The troops kept their weapons, officers kept their
horses, and no one would disturb the soldiers on
their way ___________________
•Grant also gave 25,000 ___________________ to
feed Lee’s troops
•The War was ___________________
The Toll of War
•Deadliest war in US history
•More than ___________________ soldiers died
•Cost billions of dollars
•City and farmlands were destroyed and would
take years to ___________________
•The Union was saved
•The federal government was strengthened and
now clearly more powerful than the states
The Toll of the War Continued
•The war freed millions of African Americans
•The end of slavery did not solve the problems that
the newly freed African Americans were to face
•Many questions remained including- How to bring
the Southern states _____________ into the Union
•And- What the ___________________ of African
Americans would be in Southern society
•Americans tried to answer these questions in the
years following the Civil War- an era known as
___________________
Essential Question
What events led to the end of the war?
- ___________________ campaign
- Blockade of ___________________ Bay
- ___________________ March to the Sea
- ___________________ War
- Fall of ___________________