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NAME__________________________ Chapter 16 The Civil War (1861-1865) Section 5 The War’s Final Stages Total War Strikes the South •General William Tecumseh Sherman destroyed ___________________ •The city was burned and citizens were ordered to leave •Sherman said: “War is ___________________ , and you cannot refine it” •The deliberate strategy to bring the horrors of war to the Southern people is called _______________ •Including terror, starvation, violence, and homelessness Union Strategy •By 1864- The Union forces surrounded the South •Cut off imports and ___________________ •The Union controlled the Mississippi River •Western Confederate states were cut off •General Grant would draw up a bold plan of attack Grant •Ulysses S. Grant was only an average student •And a ___________ as a farmer and businessman •But as a ___________________ was brilliant •Victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga •March 1864- Lincoln put Grant in charge of all the ___________________ armies Grant in Charge •Grant had a plan to deliver killing blows from all sides •Grant would attack ___________________ •At the same time, Sherman would lead his attacks across the Deep South •Grant’s 115,000 soldiers met Lee’s 64,000 soldiers in a series of ___________________ at Richmond •Grant promised Lincoln, “Whatever happens, there will be no turning back” •Grant was determined to march southward, attacking Lee’s forces •Until they ___________________ The Wilderness Campaign •Between Washington D.C. and Richmond is an area of dense forests called the Wilderness •May 5, the 6 bloodiest weeks of the war begun •Grant and Lee struggled through _____________ •“It was a blind and bloody hunt to the death” •Both sides had many ___________________ •Brushfires went through the forest ___________________ alive 200 wounded men The Wilderness Campaign Continued •Grant then moved south toward Richmond •The next battles were fought at nearby Spotsylvania Courthouse and at Cold Harbor •A Union general observed me “writing their _______________ and home addresses on slips of paper and pinning them to the back of their coats” •To help people identify their bodies •Grant’s critics called him a “butcher” because of the huge loss of ______________ among his troops •___________________ deaths in 30 days The Petersburg Siege •A ___________________ center that was vital to Confederate movement of troops and supplies •If grant could take Petersburg, Richmond would be cut off from the rest of the Confederacy •Trains brought ___________________ and reinforcements to the Union troops •The Confederates could get _________________ •For _______ months, the Confederates held out •The ___________________ won Sherman in Georgia •Sherman reached Atlanta and met the Confederates under John ___________________ •Hood’s forced put up major resistance •Finally, on Sept. 1, Hood abandoned the city •The mood in the South was _________________ •“There is no hope, but we will try to have no fear” Farragut at Mobile Bay •David Farragut was the highest___________________ officer in the Union •Farragut joined the navy when he was __ years old •Now in 1864 , he was leading a fleet of 18 ___________________ through a narrow channel into Mobile Bay in Alabama •The Confederates had two forts on either side of the channel, and they mined the waters with ___________________ •Guns fired from both sides, what should Farragut do? •“Damn the torpedoes, ___________ speed ahead!” •Farragut was suffering ___________________ and had himself tied to the ship •The invasion worked, the Union took the last Southern ______________ east of the Mississippi The Election of 1864 •1864- opposition to the war grew in the North •Lincoln was in danger of __________ the election •After Atlanta fell and Mobile Bay was blocked, Northerners felt they could win •Lincoln won the election •Lincoln interpreted his reelection as a clear sign from the voters to end ___________________ permanently by amending the Constitution •On January 31, 1865, Congress passed the ________ Amendment, banning slavery in the US Sherman’s March to the Sea •The Union wanted to break the will of the South •Sherman and his men became destroyers •They burned cities and farmlands across ___________________ to the Atlantic coast •Known as Sherman’s _____________ to the Sea •Sherman continued his path of destruction through the Carolinas •Took ___________________ , tore up railroad lines and fields, and killed livestock in an effort to destroy anything useful to the South •1000s of enslaved people were ______________ Back to Grant •Grant continued the siege of Petersburg •April 2, 1865, Confederate lines broke and Lee withdrew •As word got to Jefferson Davis, he and his cabinet gathered ___________________ •Also ordered bridges and weapons useful to the enemy be set on ___________________ •Then Davis and the cabinet ___________ the city Richmond •The armory was set on fire •Lincoln and his son Tad toured burning Richmond and said: •“Thank God I have lived to see this. It seems to me that I have been dreaming a horrid nightmare for four years, and now the nightmare is ________” •Joyful African Americans followed Lincoln everywhere, singing, laughing, and reaching out to ___________________ him •At the Confederate president’s house, Lincoln sat in a chair in ___________________ office and “looked far off with a dreamy expression” Surrender at Appomattox •Grant wrote to Lee- “The result of last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance” •Lee believed he needed to ________________ on •But then the Union captured a train carrying ___________________ to his troops and Lee was completely surrounded, he knew it was over •In the little town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia, Grant met with Lee •The troops kept their weapons, officers kept their horses, and no one would disturb the soldiers on their way ___________________ •Grant also gave 25,000 ___________________ to feed Lee’s troops •The War was ___________________ The Toll of War •Deadliest war in US history •More than ___________________ soldiers died •Cost billions of dollars •City and farmlands were destroyed and would take years to ___________________ •The Union was saved •The federal government was strengthened and now clearly more powerful than the states The Toll of the War Continued •The war freed millions of African Americans •The end of slavery did not solve the problems that the newly freed African Americans were to face •Many questions remained including- How to bring the Southern states _____________ into the Union •And- What the ___________________ of African Americans would be in Southern society •Americans tried to answer these questions in the years following the Civil War- an era known as ___________________ Essential Question What events led to the end of the war? - ___________________ campaign - Blockade of ___________________ Bay - ___________________ March to the Sea - ___________________ War - Fall of ___________________