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The Civil War and
Reconstruction
The South Secedes
Warm Up (2 parts)

Is there ever a good reason for a country
to split apart? Explain with examples
(either real or hypothetical).

What words or phrases come to mind
when you hear the words ‘Republican’ and
‘Democrat’?
1. Differences by region

North
– Industry- manufacturing
– Saw South as backwards

South
– Agriculture- economy dependent on slavery
– Popular sovereignty: government by the
people
– Saw North as greedy & trying to interfere
Resources

North
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Weapons
Cloth/shoes
Ships
RR’s
Banks/money control
22 million people
Army: 16,000 soldiers

South
– Cotton
– Slaves
– 9 million people (3-4
mil. Slaves)
– Local militias (no
standing army)
– Talented military
leaders
2. Georgia

Had factories:
–
–
–
–
Bullets
Saddles
Cannons
ATL: RR center
Pictograph Creation


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Create a pictograph that illustrates the various resources
available to both the North and the South
You can draw the entire Atlantic coast, or choose a state
from both the North and the South to represent the two
regions
Be sure to create a legend, or map key
3. Support intensifies- 1860
election
Opposers of slavery (mostly
Northerers) joined the
Republican Party, and
supported Lincoln
 Southerners supported
Stephen Douglas or
Breckinridge
 Lincoln called “Black
Republican” by Southerners

Lincoln Wins

Did not win a single southern state
4. Secession
Convinced that they would
always be in the minority on
slavery, southern states begin
to secede
 South Carolina seceded in
December of 1860
 By February of 1860, 7 states
had seceded and formed the
Confederate States of America

Class Discussion Question

What problems could the new
Confederacy expect to encounter as they
try to fully secede from the U.S. and
become their own country? (HINT- don’t
just examine the war itself…consider the
social, economic, and cultural problems as
well)
Lincoln vs. Douglas Mock Debate
In class, we will be reading through an
abbreviated transcript of one of the 4 Lincoln vs.
Douglas debates that they participated in while
running for a vacant Senate seat in Illinois
(1858)
 Their views perfectly sum up the perspectives of
the northern (Lincoln) and southern (Douglas)
regions
 Complete graphic organizer as we read through
the debate

Civil War Packet: North vs. South
In your Civil War packet, read the differing
perspectives of Lincoln and Davis
 Using the primary documents and pulling
out the most important information,
complete both charts (at the end of
Lincoln’s speech and Davis’ speech)
 Be prepared to share your responses

Warm Up

Analyze the following quote:

“A house divided against itself cannot
stand”

How does it apply to our unit on the Civil
War?
The war begins….

Union=U.S. (north), Confederacy=South
5. Union blockade of GA’s Coast

Cut off supply &
export routes in south

South thought
Europeans would help
– Britain, France got
cotton elsewhere
6. Battle of Antietam, MD

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

General Lee (C)
winning
Decided to invade
North
Union soldier found
Lee’s battle plans
Union attacked- Lee
lost
25,000 died: bloodiest
day
7. Emancipation Proclamation
1862
 Lincoln made all slaves in Confederate
states ‘forever free’
 Lincoln had power to seize property
(slaves)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zt65U
V6Fspc

Proclamation Analysis

Analyze the Emancipation Proclamation
and respond to each of the questions

Listen to a southern slaveholder’s account
of the Emancipation Proclamation and
discuss focus questions as a class
Short Essay- 1 page

Essay Prompt: Using both the visual and literary
resources you are to write an essay from the
perspective of a southern slave that has just
learned that the Emancipation Proclamation has
been signed into law by Abraham Lincoln on
January 1, 1863. When analyzing the primary
sources and organizing your essay, include your
life as a slave, how the Emancipation
Proclamation will affect you, and what you plan
to do with your freedom.
8. Battle of Gettysburg
Turning point of war
 Invaded north again
 Confederate army retreated after 3 days
 South demoralized
 Gettysburg Address- rationale for war
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsszv
muZBR4&index=6&list=PL4uibkPKWdS7g6ZsFRo9iIHazoyHITf0

9. Battle of Chickamauga
First 3 years, GA left untouched
 2nd bloodiest battle- 1st in GA
 North wanted Atlanta and Chattanooga for
its railroads
 Last Confederate victory
 Chattanooga captured- launch of
Sherman’s March


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbs_Kblip1E&edufilter=LxYDxnZFAF3OTqL54BW2nQ
Sherman’s March to the Sea

View Sherman’s Terrifying Tactics
–
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFKFK4_h1zk
Read Dolly Lunt’s account of what happened
when Sherman marched through Georgia
 Respond to the following in 2-4 paragraphs:
What tactics did Sherman use and how did he
justify utilizing those tactics? Describe the
reaction of Southerners.

Video Questions

In a one page summary, explain
Sherman’s strategies, impact, and the
consequences of his march through the
south. Use details from the video (you
may want to take quick notes!).

DUE TODAY
10. Andersonville
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Confederate prison camp
Held 30,000 Union soldiers
Successful Union blockade = no food
Sewage backed up
Disease rampant
Commander of the camp executed
by North
11. Reconstruction- after the war
1865-1872
 40,000 Georgians
killed, cities destroyed
 End of slavery, but
new challenges
emerge
 3 phases of
Reconstruction

12. Freedmen’s Bureau
Created to help newly
freed slaves adjust to
freedom
 Provided food, helped
build schools and
hospitals, legal aid
 Founded Clarke
Atlanta & Morehouse


https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bj0vzAuHqPk
13. Presidential Reconstruction

South could be readmitted to Union if:
– 10% of state’s population swore oath to
Union
– They ratify 13th amendment
 Officially ended slavery in the U.S.
 GA only temporarily readmitted
14. Black Codes

Blacks not allowed to
– Vote
– Testify against whites
– Serve as jurors
– Congress passed the 14th amendment
 Made African-Americans citizens and gave them
full rights under law
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAUXdd-DAh0
15. Congressional Reconstruction
GA refused to ratify (pass) the 14th
 Congress placed GA under congrssional
authority
 Rise of the KKK

16. Military Reconstruction

GA refused to pass 14th amendment, military
governors took political control

Constitutional Convention held in Atlanta
– Created new constitution (more accepting of blacks)
– 37 African-American representatives

15th amendment
– Gave black men the right to vote
17. Henry McNeal Turner

32 black legislators elected to Congress
– Constantly intimidated by the KKK
– ¼ were killed, beaten, or jailed
– HUGELY supportive of public education
Writing Assignment

Imagine you’re a newly freed slave living
in southern Georgia. The marketing
department of the Freedman’s Bureau has
asked you to help provide real information
about what your needs are.
– Write a letter of grievances to President
Johnson on behalf of the Freedman’s Bureau,
asking for needed supplies and services that
would best benefit newly freed slaves
18. Sharecropping and Tenant
Farming
Newly freed slaves paid to rent land from
wealthy landowners
 Sharecroppers had to use landowner’s
equipment
 Kept former slaves in constant debt


Difference: tenant farmers usually had
their own equipment, sharecroppers just
exchanged their work
Quick Response

What difficulties did blacks face after the
13th amendment was passed and the war
was over?
– Make sure to consider ALL discussed in class
(the sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and black
legislators)