Download What is ecology? - Desert Mountain 8th Grade

5/1-Warm up
Review: FOR YOUR TEST ON WEDNESDAY!!!!!
1) Define ecology
2) List the levels of organization from smallest to
largest
3) Describe how energy flows through an
ecosystem
4) Explain the difference between autotrophs and
heterotrophs
5) New: What is homeostasis? (use your word
parts)
5/2- Warm up
Write a sentence or two to describe the
relationship between the two vocabulary
terms
a. autotroph, heterotroph
b. Ecosystem, ecology
c. Structural adaptation, behavioral adaptation
d. Mimicry, camouflage
e. Photosynthesis, chemosynthesis
4/27-warm up
1) What structural or behavioral adaptations did
you see at Walnut Canyon or Montezuma Wells?
2) Describe the differences between Walnut
Canyon and Desert Mountain Nature walk?
3) Hypothesize why Walnut Canyon contains more
biodiversity than Desert Mountain area?
4) How did a high rate of different plant and animal
organisms help the civilizations survive? (what
were some of the plants and animals used for?)
4/3-Warm up
Ecosystems have…
List the abiotic and biotic factors
Abiotic
biotic
4/13 (Friday the 13th) warm up
IN YOUR TABLES:
1. Write 3 AIMS multiple choice questions with 4
answer choices
-MAKE THEM HARD…TRICK YOUR CLASSMATES
4/5-Warm up
1) Define ecology
2) What is the origin of energy in ecosystems?
3) Describe the relationship between abiotic
and biotic factors
4) List the levels of organization from LARGEST
to SMALLEST in ecology
What is ecology?
• The study of the
interactions that take
place among
organisms and their
environment
What is Ecology?
• Ecology – study of the interactions between
organisms and their environment
• Biosphere – the largest area studied by
ecologists (includes the entire planet)
Levels of Organization
(smallest to largest)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Species
Population
Communities
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
Levels of Organization
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Individual
Biosphere
Energy Flow in an ecosystem
• Energy flow is extremely important in
determining a system’s capacity to sustain life.
Producers
• Sunlight is the main source of energy for living
things.
• Some organisms can also use inorganic
chemical compounds for energy.
• Autotrophs/Producers – organisms that use
energy from the sun or chemicals to produce
its own food.
• Photosynthesis – autotrophs that use solar
energy to make carbohydrates.
• Chemosynthesis – autotrophs that use
chemical energy to make carbohydrates.
Consumers
• Heterotrophs/Consumers – organisms that
get their energy from the foods they eat.
•
•
•
•
•
Herbivores – eat plants
Carnivores – eat animals
Omnivores – eat plants and animals
Detritivores – feed on dead matter
Decomposers – break down organic matter
Feeding Relationships
• Energy flows through an ecosystem from the
sun or chemical compounds, to autotrophs,
and then to heterotrophs.
• Food Chain – a series of steps in an ecosystem
where organisms transfer energy by eating
and being eaten
(see figure 3-7)
• Food Web – complex interactions of feeding
relationships among various organisms in an
ecosystem
4/9-warm up
• WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO DIFFERENTLY IN
THIS CLASS TODAY?
• What are the consequences if we are not on
task?
4/9-Warm up
1) How does a plot analysis explain how species
are distributed in their environments? (what
are some adaptations?
2) What is biodiversity?
3) How does a plot analysis represent
biodiversity in an ecosystem?
4) How can we find common species using a
plot study?
4/10-warm up
• Summarize the plot analysis study
– What is the purpose?
– What did you do?
– What did you find? (look at your data)
4/12-warm up
PREPARE YOURSELF FOR A DAY OF AIMS REVIEW!
1) Stand up and take a deep breath
2) Realize you are about to embark on a long day of
answering questions
3) Sit down
4) Create a large list of what topics you remember
from the year
5) When you leave…practice on your own
4/17-warm up
• Give an example of a STRUCTURAL adaptation
– Finches beaks
– Thumbs
– gills
• Give an example of a BEHAVIORAL adaptation
– Migration
– Feeding
5/13-Warm up-Adaptations
Structural
Behavioral
Animal Adaptations
Adaptations
5/14-warm up
• How is the thumb a structural adaptation?
• What is the difference between a structural
adaptation and a behavioral adaptation?
How do adaptations help animals survive in
their environment?
• An adaptation is a body part or behavior that
helps an animal survive in a particular
environment.
• Adaptation can help an animal breathe, catch
food, or hide.
• All animals are adapted to live in certain
habitats.
• Animals that cannot adapt will die out.
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
We can separate adaptations into two
categories:
Physical
AND
Behavioral
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
Physical
Behavioral
•Physical adaptations are
body structures that allow an
animal to find and consume
food, defend itself, and to
reproduce its species.
•Physical adaptations
help an animal survive in
its environment.
© A. Weinberg
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
Physical
body structures that
allow an animal to
find and consume
food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its
species.
Behavioral
help an animal
survive in its
environment
Physical adaptation
Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)
The chameleon can change its color to match its
surroundings. Can you do that?
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
Physical
body structures that
allow an animal to
find and consume
food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its
species.
Camouflage
use of color in a
surrounding
Behavioral
help an animal
survive in its
environment
Physical adaptation
Mimicry
(looking or sounding like another living organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the
Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
I’m the
Viceroy!
Not poisonous
Poisonous
I’m the
Monarch!
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
Physical
body structures that
allow an animal to
find and consume
food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its
species.
Camouflage
use of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry
(looking or
sounding like
another living
organism)
Behavioral
help an animal
survive in its
environment
Physical adaptation
Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
Physical
body structures that
allow an animal to
find and consume
food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its
species.
Camouflage
use of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry
(looking or
sounding like
another living
organism)
Behavioral
help an animal
survive in its
environment
Chemical
defenses (like
venom, ink,
sprays)
Physical adaptations
Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor
plates, skulls, teeth)
The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that
helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things
up.
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
Physical
body structures that
allow an animal to
find and consume
food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its
species.
Camouflage
use of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry
(looking or
sounding like
another living
organism)
Behavioral
help an animal
survive in its
environment
Chemical
defenses (like
venom, ink,
sprays)
Body coverings &
parts
(claws, beaks, feet,
armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
Behavioral Adaptations allow
animals to respond to life needs.
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
Physical
body structures that
allow an animal to
find and consume
food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its
species.
Camouflage
use of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry
(looking or
sounding like
another living
organism)
Behavioral
help an animal
survive in its
environment
Chemical
defenses (like
venom, ink,
sprays)
allow animals to
respond to life
needs.
Body coverings &
parts
(claws, beaks, feet,
armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
Behavioral Adaptations are
animals’ actions.
Remember that Physical Adaptations
are body structures.
Each organism has unique
methods of adapting to its
environment by means of
different actions.
body part or
behavior that
helps an
animal survive
in a particular
environment.
help an
animal
breathe,
catch
food, or
hide.
adapted to
live in
certain
habitats.
Physical
body structures that
allow an animal to
find and consume
food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its
species.
Camouflage
use of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry
(looking or
sounding like
another living
organism)
Behavioral
help an animal
survive in its
environment
Chemical
defenses (like
venom, ink,
sprays)
allow animals to
respond to life
needs.
Body coverings &
parts
(claws, beaks, feet,
armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
animals’
actions
5/8-Warm up
What do these word parts mean
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
-Therm
EndoEctoHomeo-Stasis
5/10- Warm up
Write a sentence to describe the relationship
between the two words
1) Homeostasis, environment
2) Endotherm, ectotherm
3) Thermoregulation, osmoregulation
4) Write a two paragraph summary of your
assigned reading text
5/11- Warm up
Body temperature can
be controlled by
The environment
by animals called
By __________
these animals are
called
5/11- Warm up Part II
Write the term that matches the correct definition
1) ________is how heat is regulated in the body to
maintain a balance between internal and
external temperature
2) __________is heat exchange through direct
contact
3) __________is the maintenance of a constant
internal body temperature in varying external
conditions.
Homeostasis
• Maintenance of constant internal conditions
in the face of a varying external environment.
• Examples:
– The thickening of fur in winter.
– The seeking of shade in heat.
– The production of more red blood cells at high
altitude.
Maintenance of constant internal
conditions in the face of a varying
external environment
Endotherms vs.
Ectotherms
Maintenance of constant internal
conditions in the face of a varying
external environment
Endotherms
Ectotherms
Endotherms
• Endotherms are animals that warm their
bodies mainly from their own metabolism.
– We call these animals warm-blooded.
– Maintain a constant body temperature regardless
of changes in the surrounding temperature
Maintenance of constant internal
conditions in the face of a varying
external environment
Endotherms
animals that warm their
bodies mainly from their
own metabolism
Warmblooded
Body temp the
same regardless
of weather
Ectotherms
How do endothems adapt?
• Fat layers, fur, and feathers
insulate the body and retain heat.
• Shivering muscles contract to
increase body heat.
• Some animals hibernate.
Hibernation enables animals to
survive long periods of cold and
lack of food.
• Canines, like this Brittany, use
panting as a means of
temperature regulation.
Maintenance of constant internal
conditions in the face of a varying
external environment
Ectotherms
Endotherms
animals that warm their
bodies mainly from their
own metabolism
Warmblooded
Body temp the
same regardless
of weather
How do endothems
adapt?
Fat layers,
fur, and
feathers
Shivering
Muscles
Hibernation
Ectotherms
• Ectotherms are animals that warm their
bodies by absorbing heat from their
surroundings.
– We call these animals cold-blooded
– Body temperature fluctuates with changes in the
surrounding temperature.
Maintenance of constant internal
conditions in the face of a varying
external environment
Ectotherms
Endotherms
animals that warm their
bodies mainly from their
own metabolism
Warmblooded
Body temp the
same regardless
of weather
How do endothems
adapt?
Fat layers,
fur, and
feathers
Shivering
Muscles
Hibernation
animals that warm their
bodies by absorbing heat
from their surroundings
Coldblooded
Body Temp
changes with
weather
How do ectotherms adapt?
• Most marine fish and invertebrates,
however, live in water that stays the
same temperature.
• When the weather is warm, they
become active. They slow down when
the temperature drops.
– To warm up, reptiles find sunny places,
and stretch out for maximum exposure.
If it gets too warm, lizards alternate
between sun and shade.
– Amphibians warm up by moving into the
sun or diving into warm water. They cool
off by entering the shade.
Maintenance of constant internal
conditions in the face of a varying
external environment
Ectotherms
Endotherms
animals that warm their
bodies mainly from their
own metabolism
Warmblooded
Body temp the
same regardless
of weather
How do endothems
adapt?
Fat layers,
fur, and
feathers
Shivering
Muscles
Hibernation
animals that warm their
bodies by absorbing heat
from their surroundings
Coldblooded
Body Temp
changes with
weather
How do ectotherms
adapt?
warm up by
moving into
the sun or
diving into
warm water
weather is
warm, they
become active.
They slow down
when the
temperature
drops.
cool off by
entering the
shade
Example of Adaptation
• The shape of an
animal’s teeth is related
to its diet.
– Herbivores, such as deer,
have many molars for
chewing tough grass and
plants.
– Carnivores, such as lions,
have sharp canines to kill
and tear meat.
Who experiences adaptations?
• All species have experienced adaptation and will
continue to slowly adapt as the next generations
are born.
• We will identify certain species from each of these
groups and the reasons for their success:
–
–
–
–
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Mammals
• Endothermic or
warm-blooded
• All have some type of
“hair”
– Some are very
specialized, such as
white polar bear fur
• Method of locomotion
• Care for young
Birds
• Leg Length
– Roseate Spoonbill
(top right)
• Foot Webbing
– Laughing Gull
left)
• Beak Shape
– Long Billed Curlew
(bottom)
(top
Reptiles
• Ectothermic or
cold- blooded
• Scales
• Some undergo
hibernation and
estivation
• Lay eggs on land
• Leg structure and
position
Amphibians
• Ectothermic
• Lay eggs in water
• Partially of fully
webbed feet
• Have lungs or can
absorb oxygen through
their skin
Animal Defense
• Some animals use these
methods of defense to
protect themselves:
– Camouflage
• Snake
– Mimicry
• Mexican Milk Snake
– Bright colors
• Skunk and Poison Arrow
Frog
– “Hair” projections
• Hedgehog quills
• Deer Antlers
Adaptation Applications: Lions
• Why are the eyes of a
lion set in front of the
head rather than on
the sides?
• Answer: Eyes in front
of the head allow for
depth perception and
ability to judge
distances when
hunting.
Adaptation Applications: Lions
• What is the purpose of the
mane on a male lion? What
is the reason for the lion’s
color?
• A thick mane helps the
male to appear larger and
serves as protection for the
throat. The tawny brown
coat color camouflages the
animal and young among
vegetation.
Adaptation Applications: Giraffe
• Why are giraffes able
to go for long periods
of time without water?
• Answer: Giraffes drink
water when available,
but can go weeks
without it. They rely
on morning dew and
the water content of
their food.
Adaptation Applications: Giraffe
• How are their long necks
adapted to their lifestyle?
• Answer: This extra length
is thought to have evolved
to help the giraffe spot
predators and other
giraffes in the distance.
Interestingly, giraffes and
humans have the same
number of vertebrate in
their necks.
Adaptation Applications: Zebras
• How do zebras defend
themselves?
• Capable of running up to
40 mph. Zebras defend
themselves by kicking and
biting. Coloration also
plays a role in evading
predators, although
theories have not reached
an agreement.
Resources
• This PowerPoint is partially adapted from Ms. Weinberg. The
original PowerPoint can be viewed at
– http://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/amiew/AnimalAdaptations-PPT
• It is also partially adapted from an animal adaptation
powerpoint created by City of Corpus Christi Museum of
Science and History the original can be viewed at
– http://www.ccmuseumedres.com/Animal%20Adaptations.
ppt
• http://science.jrank.org/pages/6750/TemperatureRegulation-Internally-heated-animals.html
• http://science.jrank.org/pages/6749/TemperatureRegulation-Externally-heated-animals.html