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The Renaissance
AP European History
The Renaissance
■ What is it?
■ Make a T-Chart
Why did the movement begin?
Why did it begin in the Italian
states?
Why? Because…
■ Increased trade with Asia and other regions
■ Growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy
■ Renewed interest in the classical learning of ancient
Greece and Rome
■ Rise of rich and powerful merchants, who became
patrons of the arts
■ Increased desire for scientific and technical
knowledge
■ Desire to beautify cities
Humanism
Petrarch & Bruni
■What is it?
■Why is it important?
Education
Which would least likely be studied in an
humanist school?
■ History
■ Philosophy
■ Grammar
■ Rhetoric
■ Theology
Education for women?
The Coutier
Christian Humanist
■ Northern Renaissance
■ Movement to combine classical and Christian
culture
– Thomas Moore
– Desiderius Erasmus
5 major themes of this period
■Individualism
■Secularism
■Classical texts
■Antiquity
■Reform
Brought to you by…
■Johann Gutenberg & the Printing
Press (1455)
– Gutenberg Bible
How did the invention of the printing
press change the world at this time??
BUT…..Gov’t & church leaders worried
about printing. WHY?
Influence of City-states:
■ a region of land controlled exclusively
by a city
■ Commune
■ Popolo
■ Signori
 Courts
■ Oligarchies
Most powerful City-State – Florence
– Medici Family
Machiavelli
■Book discussion
■What are the quotes you chose and
your reflections?
Political Structure
What factors were most significant in the establishment of
New Monarchies in France, Spain, and England?
France
England
Spain
The revival of trade in Europe helped bring an end
to the Middle Ages & gave rise to the Renaissance
The rise of cities
brought artists
together which led
to new techniques
& styles of art
Increased trade gave rise
Wealthy bankers &
to Italian city-states &
merchants wanted to
a wealthy middle class show off their new status
of bankers & merchants
by commissioning art
The most important Italian city-state was Florence;
In this wealthy trade city, the Renaissance began
Florence was home to
the Medici family, the
wealthiest & most powerful
bankers in Europe
The Medici used their
wealth to commission
art for themselves &
to beautify Florence
Florence under the Medici
Lorenzo
Cosimo
Guiliano
Medici
Chapel
The Medici
paid tocommissioned
build a massivethis
Lorenzo
de Medici
painting
from
domed
cathedral
for Florence
Botticelli
of the Medici
brothers as the three magi
The Medici
Palace
New styles & techniques of Renaissance art
■Realism & emotion
Sfumato
■Classicism: inspiration from Greece
&
Rome
The
first
nude
paintings
&
■Emphasis
on
individuals
&
interaction
Chiaroscuro
sculptures since the Romans
between people
■Geometric
arrangements
■Perspective
■Using lightGreek
& shadows Renaissance
Renaissance
Artists
Donatello
■ Donatello was the 1st
great sculptor of the
Renaissance
Michelangelo
■ He was a painter,
sculptor, architect,
& poet
Michelangelo sculptures “Pieta”& “David”
are considered masterpieces
Michelangelo’s
greatest work is
the 130 ft x 44 ft
ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel
which shows
Biblical images
of amazing detail,
power, & beauty
Leonardo da Vinci
■ “Renaissance Man”
His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with
the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial
expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece
Leonardo da Vinci’s
greatest masterpiece
was the “Mona Lisa”
which was known for
its emotion & depth
Leonardo’s Inventions
Raphael
■ “perfected” Renaissance
painting
–improved perspective and
realism
Raphael’s greatest painting was “School of Athens”
which blended Classical figures from Greece & Rome
with important people from the Renaissance
Plato (drawn to
look like Da Vinci)
Aristotle
Raphael
Pythagoras
Michelangelo
Euclid
Raphael’s
“Betrothal
of the Virgin”
Filippo Brunelleschi
■ Brunelleschi was Florence’s greatest architect:
–He studied the Roman Pantheon when he
built the Cuppolo of Maria del Fiore
cathedral in Florence
–The dome inspired modern building designs
Dome Comparisons
Il Duomo, Florence
US Capital,
St. Paul’s,
Peter’s,London
Rome
St.
Washington,
D.C.
The
Northern
Renaissance
As these ideas spread, this
“Northern Renaissance”
developed its own
characteristics
The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars &
merchants from other areas visited Italian city-states
The Renaissance in
France was most
known for its unique
architecture
The Renaissance in
England was most
known for literature,
especially the plays of
William Shakespeare
The Renaissance in the Netherlands
was most known for realism in art
Wedding Portrait by Jan Van Eyck
Social Hierarchies
■ Race & Slavery
– Race, people, nation all same
– Portuguese introduced slaves
– black servants became status symbol
■ Wealth and Nobility
– Merchant class
– Nobility often maintained by accepting new
wealth into their order
■ Gender Roles
– Debate about women
– Virtuous women vs. Vice-ridden
Homework
■ Create a graphic organizer that examines the
similarities and differences between the
Italian and Northern Renaissance movements.
Focus on
– Political structure
– Intellectual/artistic movements
– Social structure
– economy
Guess if the following
pieces of art (A-J) are:
Renaissance
or
Medieval
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J