* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Intro to Psychology
Psychometrics wikipedia , lookup
Personality psychology wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism and psychology wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary psychology wikipedia , lookup
Occupational health psychology wikipedia , lookup
Forensic psychology wikipedia , lookup
Health psychology wikipedia , lookup
Cyberpsychology wikipedia , lookup
Index of psychology articles wikipedia , lookup
Behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Gestalt psychology wikipedia , lookup
Psychological evaluation wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Developmental psychology wikipedia , lookup
Humanistic psychology wikipedia , lookup
Political psychology wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical psychology wikipedia , lookup
Indigenous psychology wikipedia , lookup
Educational psychology wikipedia , lookup
Music psychology wikipedia , lookup
Psychological injury wikipedia , lookup
Cultural psychology wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive psychology wikipedia , lookup
Social psychology wikipedia , lookup
Abnormal psychology wikipedia , lookup
Conservation psychology wikipedia , lookup
International psychology wikipedia , lookup
Cross-cultural psychology wikipedia , lookup
Subfields of psychology wikipedia , lookup
Psychology Module 1 What is psychology? • Psychology – The scientific study of behavior and mental processes • Scientific research methods are used to answer questions about peoples behavior • Psychologists study both observable, and unobservable elements to determine why people act the way they do When did Psychology begin? • People have always been trying to understand other peoples behaviors • Perspective- collection of ideas that grows into a movement. Better question: When did modern psychology begin? • Modern Psychology – the last 125 years of study • German philosopher Wilhelm Wundt is known as the “Father” of Psychology • In 1879, Wundt devoted his laboratory to psychological experiments (in Germany) Structuralism • E.B. (Edward Bradford) Titchener, was a student of Wundt • Titchener introduced Structuralism • Structuralism – theory that analyzed the basic elements of thoughts and sensations to determine the structure of conscience experience • Structuralism would be a building block for other psychological systems Gestalt Psychology • Gestalt Psychology – Psychological perspective that emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes • Taking all the pieces and putting it into a whole idea • Gestalt in German means “whole” What do you see? What do you see here? Functionalism • Functionalism – Theory that emphasized the functions of consciousness and the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment • William James started functionalism • He was the first American Psychologist Sigmund Freud • Austrian Physician • Psychoanalysis • Freud’s theory differed from others in two ways 1. It focused on abnormal behavior, attributed to unconscious drives and conflicts, stemming from childhood 2. It relied on personal observations, and not controlled lab experiments Freud Cont’d • Freud’s work was not scientific because it was based on self reported reflections, not scientific methods to gather research • Freud died in 1939 • The idea that our unconscious thoughts, inner conflicts, and childhood experiences affect our behavior and personality, is still accepted by some John B. Watson • Started Behaviorism • Focused solely on observable and objectively describable acts • Today, behaviorism focuses on learning through rewards and observation Maslow & Rogers • Humanistic psychologists who emphasized the conscious experience • Said humans have free will in their decision making and are not controlled by series of rewards Piaget • Swiss psychologist • Known for his work about how children develop their thinking abilities New Areas of Psychology Behavior Genetics – thought that focuses on how much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences This is a combination of behaviorism and genetics. Is there a gene that specifically control certain actions. What is inherited? Evolutionary Psychology – combines biological, and social aspects while studying behaviors that helped our ancestors provide New Areas Positive Psychology – Movement that focuses on the study of optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive. Suggest focusing on improving the positive things in life rather than repair the worst thing. Careers in Psychology Clinical and Counseling Psychologists represent more than half of all psychologists They will diagnose and treat people with disorders. Academic Psychologists work at universities doing research Basic Research – Science aiming to increase the scientific knowledge base Applied Research – Scientific study aiming to solve practical problems Careers in Psychology cont’d -Industrial and organizational psychologists help businesses and companies run more efficiently and promote a better work environment. -Lots of companies today either have full-time psychologists or hire consultants to come in and assess their workplace. About 4% of people become school psychologists. When it doubt, keep it simple