Download WHPP Unit 1 Section 8 Greece

Unit 1 Section 8 Ancient
Civilizations Greece
TYWL: How were ancient civilizations and empires able to development, grow and
create a lasting impact?
How has conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social
changes in medieval civilizations?
Early
Classical
Fall
Early People of the Aegean
• Minoans
–
–
Island of Crete.
Civilization based on trade.
Capital Knossos.
Trojan War Fact
or Fiction??
Fact..I think! It’s located in Turkey.
• The Mycenaens learned
from the sea traders.
• The Trojan War 1250 B.C.
b/w Mycenae (Greeks) &
Troy.
• Fought over trade routes.
• Homer (700 BCE)—story teller
of ancient Greece
• Orator
• Verbal histories become epics
(tall tales with heroes and
villains with a lesson) the “Iliad
and the Odyssey”.
• Odysseus and Achilles
– These guys fought at the battle of
Troy and reappear in Homers later
stories
The Greek City-States
Around 800 BCE Phoenician traders reach out to
Greece, bringing their writing w/ them. Greece
accepts them & a new glorious Greece is launched!!
Geography
influenced
cultural
• Acropolis- was the
hilltop of the citystate called the
high city.
Mountains & rocky
terrain isolated
settlements from
one another.
• 1st ruler king--central power. (monarchy
heriditary)
• Power shifted to a class of noble
landowners. aristocracy.
• Trade expanded-A gov’t in the hands of
a small, elite, business class oligarchy.
• Military technology (iron weapons). New
fighting method: phalanx a massive
formation of heavily armed foot
soldiers was used.
Persian Wars: 499– 480 BCE
In 519 B.C. the
Persians conquered
Ionian Greeks.
Athens sent warships
That made the Persian
King, Darius, very angry
with Greece.
Help!
Persian Wars: Famous Battles
$
Marathon (490 BCE)

$
26.2 miles from Athens
Thermopylae (480 BCE)

300 Spartans at the Mountain pass vs. Xerxes
In 490 B.C. Darius
sent 600 ships &
thousands of
soldiers to invade
Greece. He wanted
to punish the
Athenians for
helping the rebels.
Persian
Empire
Athens
Marathon
Sparta
While they were loading their ships, the Athenians
attacked and defeated them at Salamis.
The Persians Retreated.
Consequences of the Greek
Victory
o Athens became leader of a Greek
alliance of several city-states. This is
the start of Greek unification.
o Athens enters its Golden Age.
Notable Athenian
Oligarchs
• Draco: harsh laws
– Athenian law code
• Solon: wise laws
Stop part 1
Cleisthenes: Father of Democracy
• Citizens: male property owners over 21,
born in Athens
• Age of Pericles
– Golden Age.
– direct democracy- where large numbers
of citizens take part in the day to day
running of the government.
Peloponnesian War
• In 431 B.C., Sparta declared war on
Athens.
• Results: Athens lost its empire
of wealth & for a long time,
its democratic gov’t.
Athens (A Limited Democracy) Attica
north of the Peloponnesus
– Limited democracy, or gov’t by the people.
Sparta (A Nation of Soldiers) near the
Peloponnesus, Southern Greece.
– Rulers were two kings and a council of elders.
– Rulers formed a military society.
The Glory That Was Greece
• Greek philosophers
– Philosopher means “lover of wisdom”
• Logic- rational thinking
Socrates
Developed the Socratic Methodusing questions to answer
questions.
A student of Socrates
Socrates was eventually arrested for – “Golden Mean”
“corrupting the youth of Athens”.
[everything in
Plato
Aristotle
moderation].
Plato’s most famous work
was The Republic. It set
Mentor of Alexander the Great
He favored rule by a single, strong forth his vision of an
ideal gov’t.
leader. (Philosopher King)
A student of Plato
Macedonia and Alexander
• Philip the II became King of Macedonia
• Philip had a powerful army and invaded
Greece.
• Philip was murdered and his son Alexander
immediately proclaimed himself king at 20
years old.
• Alexander wanted complete his fathers dream
of conquering Persia.
Alexander the Great
1. took Anatolia (Turkey) from the
Persians.
2. marched into Egypt where he was
crowned Pharaoh. He also founded
the city of Alexander at the mouth
of the Nile.
3. turned East to Persia.
4. crossed into the Indus Valley. A
powerful Indian army with 200
elephants blocked his path.
5. After winning the battle Alexander
started having problems with his
Army. The army had been fighting
for 11years and marched more then
11,000 miles. The soldiers wanted to
go home and Alexander agreed to
go back. On the way home he dies.
Conquering
Begins
Alexander the Great’s
Empire
Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria
• Hellenism blended Greek, Persian,
Egyptian, & Indian culture.
• The center of the new culture is the city
of Alexandria in Egypt.