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Intro to Period 2 and Classical Greece AP World History Notes Mr. G. Period 2 (600 BC-600 AD) Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (also called the Classical Age) How does this Period Differ from Period 1? •States developed and larger ________________________ •More __________________________________-new religions and philosophies emerged •More numerous and better _______________________________ •More complex __________________________________-Silk Road and Indian Ocean Trade •__________________________- between nomads and sedentary people •More direct ______________________on ____________________civilizations_____________________________________ law codes, _____________________law, ____________________________and ______________________________ New Empires •The Mediterranean-Greeks followed by the Romans •SW Asia-the Persians •The Indian Sub-Continent (South Asia)- Maurya and Gupta •East Asia- Qin and Han Dynasty •Americas-Maya The Geography of Greece •________________________________ for major agricultural devel. •result: __________________________people •Most commercial activity occurred by boat •________________________ geographic area contributed to its dominance •Since land __________________________the Greeks were always looking to est. _________________________to ease overcrowding and get ___________________________ Archaic Greece Minoan Civilization •Influenced by __________________________culture •_____________________________ - Allowed later Classical Greece to dev. monumental architecture The Mycenaean Civilization-located in Southern Greece influenced by Crete’s Minoan civ. Homer: The “Heroic Age”-his epics about the _____________________________ Hellenic Classical Greece 700 BCE-324 BCE The Greek City-States (______________________) •Based on the creation of complex __________________________like Athens and Sparta Citystates ____________________________at first •______________________ games •Shared a _________________________________ ATHENS and SPARTA •___________________—greek word for “________________________” (poleis-plural) •Polis of ___________________- agricultural/____________________________ capital •Polis of ___________________-political/commercial/_______________________ capital •Practiced ___________________________________in Athens-only free adult men Gender Relations •_____________________ -men and women _________________…espec. in _________________________strength…pretty much _____________________________(men were at war a lot) •___________________ -gender ______________________________…women __________political or property _______________________…___________________________ to home mostly Greek Religion •_____________________________ •Most educated Greeks __________________________about worship of gods •______________________________ ruled-answers for life in govt or philosophy____________________________to Chinese ____________________________________ Persian Wars: 499 BC – 449 BC ____________________the Great (526 – 485 B. C. E.) § Built_____________________________. § He extended the ________________________________to the Indus River in northern India. (2 mil. s.q. mi.) § Built a canal in Egypt. §Established a tax-collecting system. § Divided the empire into districts called__________________________. § Built the great __________________________system. § Established a complex postal system. Created a network of spies called “the ______________________________________” _______________________________________religion- a _____________________________ Battle of Good vs. Evil….2 gods ______________________________ “Holy Spirit” Represents ___________________and truth Triumph over chaos! __________________________“Destructive Spirit” Zarathustra [_____________________], 6c BCE: Good Thoughts, Good Deed, Good Words Zoroastrianism-faded when the Persian Empire fell Persian Wars: 499 BC – 449 BC •________________________ the Greek city-states against an invading common enemy • much of Athens___________________________, but Greece held on to control of Aegean Sea basin •War ended in a ____________________________ •Allowed Greece to develop in age of prosperity Persian Wars: Famous Battles $_______________________ (490 BCE)-Greek victory 26 miles from Athens $__________________________________ (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass $_____________________________ (480 BCE) Athenian navy victorious Some historians-this conflict the trigger for future east v west clashes (espec. Islam v western society “_________________________________”: 460 BC – 429 BC-ushered in by victory over Persia _________________________as leader of Athens organized an alliance of Greek citystates called the ______________________League-discourage future Persian invasion Great Athenian Philosophers __________________________ Golden____________________” [everything in moderation]. §______________________________! §question ____________________________ §only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness. _______________________ §The Academy §The world of the FORMS §______________________________ philosopher-king Aristotle §The Lyceum §“____________________________” [everything in moderation]. §Logic-________________________ thought §________________________________________ -careful observation Athens: The Arts & Sciences $DRAMA (tragedians): §Aeschylus-greek _______________________ §Euripides-greek ___________________________ THE SCIENCES: §_______________________________ >>> mathematics (______________________) §Democritus all matter made up of small atoms. §______________________________ “Father of__________________________” SPARTA v. ATHENS _______________________________Wars (431-404 BC) •Caused by a trade dispute between _________________________________ •Athens surrounded and cut off •____________________ ravaged the city-Pericles killed •Athens _________________________-its navy destroyed at Sicily •Sparta spared Athens, but itself declined paving the way for the rise of the _______________________________ _____________________________Under Philip •_______________________ of Macedon ruled 359-336 BC • invaded ___________________and conquered all of ______________________ •Respected _____________________culture and encouraged it to continue to flourish •________________________ of Alexander the Great Hellenistic Greece (324-34 BC) Alexander the Great’s Conquest of Persia •Educated by __________________________ •Conquered the mighty ______________________Empire •Hoped to _____________________Greek and Persian civilizations •Married a Persian princess •Killed his best friend _______________________over a drunken argument over Persia •Stretched west all the way to the ___________________________ •Died at age of ___________ •Led to _________________________-adoption of Greek culture and art over the conquered area Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences $Scientists / Mathematicians: §Aristarchus heliocentric theory. §Euclid geometry §Archimedes pulley $Hellenistic Art: §___________________________; less ideal than Hellenic art. §Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age! The Kingdom of Ptolemy •the richest of the 3 __________________________Empires • ________________________________-the capital •_____________________ rulers let Egyptian culture/society continue •Cultural Center-Alexandria ___________________________________-most scrolls in the world •Last of the Ptolemaic pharoahs was _____________________________