Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
EHMcLogan HistoryLab Name_________________________________________________ TheFuneralOrationofPericles BackgroundContext: Atthebeginningofthe5thCenturyBCE,conflictbetweentheGreekcity‐statesandthePersianEmpireto theeastledtothePersianWars(490‐479BCE).TheunitedGreekcity‐statesdefeatedthemightyPersian Empire,leadingtheGreekstobelieveinthesuperiorityoftheirwayoflifeandformofgovernment. AthensemergedasthemostpowerfulGreekcity‐state,andorganizedamilitaryalliancewithothercity‐ statestocontinuetoprotectGreeceagainstanyongoingPersianthreat. Athens’dominationoftheDelianLeague(andtheiruseofforcetokeepotherGreekcity‐statesinthe alliance)createdresentmentoutsideAthens.TocounterthepowerofAthens,Spartaformedanother alliance,thePeloponnesianLeague. WarfarebrokeoutbetweenAthensandSpartaandtheiralliesin431BCE.ThePeloponnesianWars,as theybecomeknown,engulfedallofGreeceandlasted27years. TheFuneralOrationofPericlesisprobablythemostfamousdescriptionofclassicalAthens.Itwasaspeech deliveredbytheAthenianleaderPericlesinhonorofthoseAthenianswhodiedfightingSpartainthefirst yearofthewar. Instructions: 1. Listentothewholespeechoncethrough. 2. Inyourgroups,closelyanalyzeonepassageofthespeech. Underlineanynewvocabularyandlookuptheirdefinitions. Examinesentencestructureandidentifyrelationshipsbetweenwordsandideasinthe sentence. Identifyanyjuxtapositionsandcomparisonswithinthepassage. 3. HowisPericlesdescribingAthensandAtheniansinthispassage?WhatuniquelyAthenianqualities ishepraising? A. Ourconstitutiondoesnotcopythelawsofneighboringstates;weareratherapatterntoothersthan imitatorsourselves.Itsadministrationfavorsthemanyinsteadofthefew;thisiswhyitiscalledademocracy. Ifwelooktothelaws,theyaffordequaljusticetoallintheirprivatedifferences;ifnosocialstanding, advancementinpubliclifefallstoreputationforcapacity,classconsiderationsnotbeingallowedtointerfere withmerit;noragaindoespovertybartheway,ifamanisabletoservethestate,heisnothinderedbythe obscurityofhiscondition. B. Thefreedomwhichweenjoyinourgovernmentextendsalsotoourordinarylife.There,farfromexercisinga jealoussurveillanceovereachother,wedonotfeelcalledupontobeangrywithourneighborfordoingwhat helikes,oreventoindulgeinthoseinjuriouslookswhichcannotfailtobeoffensive,althoughtheyinflictno positivepenalty.Butallthiseaseinourprivaterelationsdoesnotmakeuslawlessascitizens.Againstthis fearisourchiefsafeguard,teachingustoobeythemagistratesandthelaws,particularlysuchasregardthe protectionoftheinjured,whethertheyareactuallyonthestatutebook,orbelongtothatcodewhich, althoughunwritten,yetcannotbebrokenwithoutacknowledgeddisgrace. C. Ifweturntoourmilitarypolicy,therealsowedifferfromourantagonists.Wethrowopenourcitytothe world,andneverbyalienactsexcludeforeignersfromanyopportunityoflearningorobserving,althoughthe eyesofanenemymayoccasionallyprofitbyourliberality;trustinglessinsystemandpolicythantothe nativespiritofourcitizens;whileineducation,whereourrivalsfromtheirverycradlesbyapainful disciplineseekaftermanliness,atAthensweliveexactlyasweplease,andyetarejustasreadytoencounter everylegitimatedanger. D. Norarethesetheonlypointsinwhichourcityisworthyofadmiration.Wecultivaterefinementwithout extravaganceandwisdomwithoutunmanliness;wealthweemploymoreforusethanforshow,andplacethe realdisgraceofpovertynotinowningtothefactbutindecliningthestruggleagainstit. E. Ourcitizensattendbothtopublicandprivatedutiesandtonotallowabsorptionintheirownaffairsto diminishtheirknowledgeoftheCity’sbusiness.Wedifferfromotherstatesinregardingthemanwhokeeps alooffrompubliclifenotas“private”butasuseless,wedecideordebate,carefullyandinperson,allmatters ofpolicy,andwehold,notthatwordsanddeedsgoilltogether,butthatactsareforedoomedtofailurewhen undertakenundiscussed. F. Forwearenotedforbeingatonceadventurousinactionandmostreflectivebeforehand.Othermenarebold inignorance,whilereflectionwillstoptheironset.Butthebravestaresurelythosewhohavetheclearest visionofwhatisbeforethem,gloryanddangeralike,andyetneverthelessgoouttomeetit. G. Ingenerosityweareequallysingular,acquiringourfriendsbyconferring,notbyreceiving,favors…Anditis onlytheAthenians,who,fearlessofconsequences,confertheirbenefitsnotfromcalculationsofexpediency, butintheconfidenceofliberality. H. InawordIclaimthatourcityasawholeisaneducationtoGreece,andthathermembersyieldtonone,man byman,forindependenceofspirit,many‐sidednessofattainment,andcompleteself‐relianceinlimbsand brain.