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Transcript
Adaption, Fitness, and Evolution Essential Question: How has evolution lead to the diversity of life? Important terms • Adaption: Any trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment • Fitness: The ability to SURVIVE and REPRODUCE So an organism is FIT (has a high fitness) if it can survive and reproduce. – SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST Let’s look at some examples………… Adaptions How many can you find? Adaptions – What about teeth, eyes, speed? Adaptions How many can you find? • Large eyes for low light • Flexible neck for following prey • Sharp talons for catching prey • Silent flight How have alligator’s adapted to their environment? One more example… What causes theses changes - MUTATIONS! • Changes in the structure of the DNA • Adds genetic diversity to the population • May or may not be adaptive (benefical) – Depends on the environment! Remember the “most FIT” will survive and pass on their traits Sooooo….What’s Evolution? • The change in a POPULATION’S genetic makeup (gene pool) over time (successive generations) – Those with selective advantages (i.e., adaptations), survive and reproduce – All species descended from earlier ancestor species – Sometimes results in new species Natural Selection drives evolution - it is a process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate The Case of the Peppered Moths • Industrial revolution – Pollution darkened tree trunks • Camouflage of moths increases survival from predators • Directional selection caused a shift away from light-gray towards darkgray moths Darwin’s Finches Fossils