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Evolution Evidence - Molecular Connection Aim: This exercise will demonstrate how the advent of molecular evidence supports previously established evolutionary lines and give students the opportunity to use an online database. 1. Go to the NCBI website: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 2. In the search bar at the top, from the scroll down menu select “gene” 3. Search for COX1 and Homo sapiens to get the gene sequence for humans 4. Select a species from the results by clicking on the COX1 link (alternatively it may go by a different gene name) by each entry (note that there are mostly listed by genus and species names, google if you’re not sure what the organism is. 5. Scroll down to the “Genomic Regions, transcripts and products” and click on the FASTA link in the title bar: 6. Select and copy the DNA sequence of the whole gene including the “tag” at the beginning of the sequence 7. In a new tab go to the following link: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2/ 8. Paste in the DNA sequence copied to your clipboard in the entry box 9. Search for the next species gene sequence then copy and paste it into the same entry box below the first entry 10. Select a set of “DNA” in the pull down menu 11. Scroll down and click “Submit” 12. Find the percent of bases that are similar for the COX 1 gene between the two different species by clicking on the “Result Summary” tab then finding the score: Find the similarity between humans and the 5 species listed below. You need to search for their scientific names (in italics) then record your results in the data table on the next page Rhesus Monkey: Macaca mulatta Kangaroo: Macropus robustus Snapping Turtle: Chelydra serpentina Bullfrog: Lithobates catesbeianus Tuna: Thunnus albacares Record your results in the data table below: Species Number of amino acid differences compared to human Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatta Kangaroo Macropus robustus Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina Bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus Tuna Thunnus albacares The cladogram diagram below shows the relationship of selected animals based on their shared anatomical features. For example: out of seven key traits, all of these animals have a dorsal nerve cord, but only humans, monkeys and kangaroos have mammary glands. Record the total number of amino acid differences between humans and each animal shown above. Write your answer in the box below the arrow pointing to the name of that animal. 1. The COX1 gene codes for a subunit of a protein called cytochrome c oxidase used as an enzyme in cellular respiration. It is a widely used gene for comparative genomics. Deduce why this gene may be preferred over other gene sequences. 5. Explain if the results of the genetic comparison oft he COX 1 gene support the evolutionary reltaionship laid out in the cladogram. 6. Should the cladogram be reworked given the information from the COX 1 gene?