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The Expansion and Fall of Rome Unit 1 * Chapter 2 * Lesson 1 How did Rome begin? How did Rome Begin? • Rome began as a settlement near the center of what is now Italy • The Italian peninsula was home to three groups –the Latins, the Greeks, and the Etruscans • Rome grew thanks to a good environment for farming with cool, rainy winters that allowed for good crops What is the geography of rome? Geography of Rome • Favorable environment • Cool, rainy winters created very productive farmland • Rome’s location near the Apennines Mountain range help protect it from harsh weather • The nearby Tiber River enabled the Romans to engage in a busy and prosperous trade network throughout Italy What happened as Rome grew? What happened as Rome grew? • Rome became a kingdom in the 8th century BC • A series of kings ruled over the growing Roman civilization • Last king to rule was Tarquin the Proud • Tarquin was a bad king and not liked by the people of Rome We hate King Tarquin! What brought an end to the Kingdom of Rome? What brought an end to the Kingdom of Rome? • In 510 BC Romans rose up and drove King Tarquin from power for ruling too harshly and being a bad king! • Romans refused to live under the rule of a king again • Decided to base government on the will of the people What happened to their government? What happened to their government? • Roman citizens established a form of government known as a republic • In a republic power rests with citizens who get to vote on their leaders • Romans used this form of political system for the next 500 years How did the Roman Republic work? How did the Roman Republic work? • Power rests with the citizens • The wealthy and members of noble families wielded great influence • Roman women had few rights • All free-born males had the right to vote • Tried to create laws that protected basic liberties How did a Republic limit power? How did a Republic limit power? • Head of the government was 2 leaders called consuls • Consuls could only rule for 1 year • Roman lawmaking body, called the Senate, acted as a check to the consuls’ power The Roman Army Roman Army • The Romans prided themselves on their powerful and well organized army • They used this army to expand their territories • Roman forces defeated a powerful North African civilization known as Carthage. These wars were known as the Punic Wars. What happened to the Republic of Rome? What happened to the Republic of Rome? • Rome grew larger in land mass as their armies expanded Roman territory • As the Republic grew larger and more populated it became harder to maintain order • Tensions arose between the different classes in Roman society • Eventually Rome fell into civil war Who brought order to Rome? Who brought order to Rome? • Roman general named Julius Caesar • Named himself sole ruler in 45 BC, bringing an end to the Roman Republic • In 44 BC political opponents of Caesar killed him How Rome became an empire How Rome became an empire • Julius Caesar’s adopted son, Octavian, became the first emperor of Rome. He took the name Augustus, or “divine one” • An empire is ruled by an emperor • Augustus was known as a brilliant and careful leader • Rome was able to build a powerful empire because they created a strong government and established peace and prosperity Map of Roman Empire By 100 AD Rome reached its largest size. It ruled over 2 million square miles and over 100 million people. What could roman rulers not contain? What could roman rulers not contain? • Christianity, which is based on the teachings of Jesus, who is believed by Christians to be the son of God • Jesus was born sometime around 6 to 4 B.C. and he was a member of a group known as the Jews. • The Jewish people were the first to believe in ONE God. • Christianity remains one of the most popular and significant religions today. Over 2 billion people still follow the teaching of Jesus. What did jesus teach? What did Jesus teach? • Belief in one God • Love God as well as your neighbors • Love your enemies as well as your friends • God has created a kingdom in Heaven for those who follow the teachings of Jesus Why was jesus seen as a threat? Why was jesus seen as a threat? • Roman leaders considered him a threat to their authority and power • He preached allegiance to God before anyone else (even the Roman emperor) • Christians refused to worship Roman Gods • Eventually Roman authorities arrested Jesus and put him to death because they were afraid of his growing influence and following among the Roman people Lesson Review • Early Rome grew from a small village to a thriving republic on the Italian peninsula • Romans eventually build a large empire that spread their culture to many lands • During the Roman Empire, a powerful new religion known as Christianity emerged Lesson review Questions How did rome begin? Rome began as a settlement on a series of hills along the Tiber River in what is now the center of Italy What brought an end to the kingdom of rome? The Roman people overthrew their king, Tarquin the Proud, for ruling too harshly Why did Rome change from a Republic to an empire? As Rome became larger and more populated it became more difficult to govern under a republic and Rome fell into civil war and powerful rulers, 1st Julius Caesar, then his son Augustus became strong leaders and helped turn Rome into an Empire How did Rome build such a powerful empire? The Romans created a strong government with Augustus as the emperor, a Senate, and a powerful army all of which helped to established peace and prosperity within the Empire (known as Pax Romana) How did Christianity grow so powerful? Jesus grew a large following of Romans who wanted to practice Christianity because its messages about love and the kingdom of Heaven and belief in one God appealed to many people more than the old Roman religion that believed in several gods What were some of the main teachings of Jesus? People should love their friends and enemies and that heaven awaited all those who lived a Christian life