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TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Thyotropin Robert Power How is it produced It is produced when the hypothalamus releases the tripeptide TRH (thyrotropinreleasing hormone) TRH travels through the pituitary portal circulation binds to TSH and prolactin secreting cells in the pituitary gland which causes the pituitary gland to release TSH TSH then causes the thyroid gland to make T3 triiodothyronine or T4 thyroxine Somatostatin decreases or inhibits the release of TSH When T3 and T4 levels are high TSH is decreased when T3 and T4 are low TSH is increased. Thyroid releasing hormone Two types TRH1 and TRH2 both of which are G protein coupled receptors. Binding of TRH to its receptor causes a PLC mediated signaling cascade. This causes TSH secretion and transcription and post translational glycosylation. Biochemical traits TSH has a half life of about an hour It is a member of the glycoprotein hormone which consists of two subunits alpha subunit which is encoded by the CGA gene Unique Beta chain encoded by the TSHB gene which is on chromosome 1p13 and contains 3 exons the first off which is non-coding. TSH is pulsatile with peak excretion being between midnight and 4am. Importance of TSH Detect whether the thyroid gland is working properly such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Controls the thyroid gland which controls many processes of the body. It controls the metabolism of every tissue in the body Normal blood values Serum thyrotropin TSH .5-5 uU/ml TRH stimulation test peak TSH 9-30 ulU/ml at 20-30 min Serum thyroxine T4 4.6-12 ug/dl Serum triiodothyronine T3 80-180ng/dl Hypothyroidism underactive thyroid Hashimotos thyroiditis Hyperthyroidism, overactive thyroid, goiters, Graves disease Works cited http://images.medicinenet.com/images/slideshow/hyperthyroidism_s11_symptoms .jpg http://www.news-medical.net/health/Hyperthyroidism-Diagnosis.aspx http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/peptide-hormones.php#tsh