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Thursday 9/29
Agenda:
- Video: Why is carbon such a
tramp?
- Notes on Macromolecules
- FedUp Article and Questions
Section 2.3 Carbon-Based
Molecules
• All compounds are either organic or inorganic.
• Organic compounds are made of carbon.
• This is NOT the same organic from the food
store or farmers market.
Carbon is UNIQUE.
• Carbon has four outer electrons
• It is readily available to form covalent bonds with
other elements.
• Single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds
• Straight chains, branched chains, rings
Monomers
and Polymers
•
•
•
•
There are four kinds of biological molecules
Made of small units called monomers
Monomers come together to make polymers
Polymers with molecular weights over 1,000
are called macromolecules
Monomer- Dunkin Munchkin, Polymer- String them
into a necklace, Macromolecule- If you all put your
necklaces together.
** Review Questions **
• Life processes require a constant supply of
energy from our food.
The compound used to store this energy is called
______.
• What does it stand for?
• How does it give off energy?
• How does it store energy?
Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lipid
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
• Elements: H-C-O
• Function: Energy
CH2OH
O H
H
OH H
OH
HO
H
Sugars (-ose)
– Monosaccharides
H
• THESE ARE THE MONOMERS
• Simple Sugars
• Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Ribose, Galactose
– Disaccharides
• Two linked sugars
– Polysaccharides
sucrose
• Many Sugars
• Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
OH
Disaccharides
• Synthesis
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|
glucose
|
glucose
2 sugars = disaccharide
|
maltose
Monosac. are covalently
bonded by condensation
rxns to form glycosidic links
Disaccharides
• Synthesis
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|
glucose
|
fructose
How sweet
it is!
2 sugars = disaccharide
|
sucrose
(table sugar)
Examples of
Polysaccharides
• Starch
– energy storage in plants
» potatoes
• Glycogen
– energy storage in animals
» in liver & muscles
• Cellulose
– structure in plants
poly = many
» cell walls
• Chitin
– structure in arthropods & fungi
» exoskeleton
Different Diets of Herbivores
Cow
can digest cellulose well; MICROBES; no
need to eat other sugars
Gorilla
can’t digest cellulose well; must add
another sugar source, like fruit to diet
Any
Questions?
Lipids: Fats & Oils
2003-2004
Lipids
• Elements: C- H-O
• Function:
– Energy
• Very concentrated
• Twice the energy as carbohydrates!
– Cushions organs
– Cell membrane
– Insulates your body
• Think whale blubber!
2003-2004
Lipids
• Examples
– fats
– oils
– waxes
– hormones
• sex hormones
– testosterone (male)
– estrogen (female)
2003-2004
Lipids have no true monomer!
• Categorized by HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES
Saturated
Types
• Animal fats
• Solid at room temperature
• Limit in your diet = heart
disease
Unsaturated
• Plants
• Liquid at room temperature

Any
Questions?
Fed-Up Article
DUE BEFORE THE BELL
Friday 9/30
Agenda:
- Finish notes on Macromolecules
- Start Foldable Mini-Project: Due
on October 5th
Proteins
• Elements: C-H-O-N
• Function:
Structural support: Hair, Nails, Claws
Enzymes
Transport In/Out Cell
Hormones (Insulin)
Immune Defense
Muscle Movement and Repair
• Monomer: Amino Acids
– (20 different amino acids)
Protein Structure
• Primary: Chain of Amino Acids _________________
• Secondary: The Chain starts to ravel into pleated
sheets
• Tertiary: Becomes a 3D Shape
• Quaternary: > 1 3D shape twisted together
– Example: Hemoglobin which brings oxygen to the blood
*** Review Question ***
• What does denature mean?
Any questions?
Nucleic Acids
Elements: C, H, O, N, P
Monomer: Nucleotide
Examples:
– DNA
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
– RNA
RiboNucleic Acid
• Function:
Nucleic Acids
• Store genetic information
– DNA: Blueprint
• Transfer genetic information
– RNA: Transfer instructions
DNA
proteins
This is a nucleotide.
sugar
N base
phosphate
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide
Nucleotide chains
– Draw a picture
• DNA: Double Strand
• RNA: Single Strand
sugar
N base
sugar
N base
phosphate
phosphate
strong bonds
sugar
N base
sugar
N base
phosphate
phosphate
HELIXHELIX
October 5, 2016
AGENDA:
• Foldable Due: Pd 1 & 4
• Macromolecule Review
Sheet
• Model Building
Signed Ch 2 Tests and
Study Guides Due
TMRW
October 6, 2016
AGENDA:
• Review Questions
• Model building due
today
Homework:
Macromolecule Review
Pkt – Due Tmrw
TEST on Ch 2.3:
October 13th
What is the chemical formula for
glucose? C H O
What is the ratio of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen?
:
:
Five elements essential to life:
Which macromolecule is
considered the blueprint of life?
Three functions of proteins.
Where are these polysaccharides
found?
•
•
•
•
Cellulose –
Starch –
Glycogen –
Chitin -
Molecule Match- Up
Match the monomer and elements with the macromolecule.
1. Protein
A. Nucleotides
B. Amino Acids
2. Lipid
3. Nucleic Acid
C. Chain of C, H, O
D. Fatty Acids
E. Chain of C, H, O, N
4. Carbohydrate
F. Chain of C, H, O, N, P
ATP – ________ energy
ADP – ________ energy
What kind of macromolecule?
How do you know?
What kind of macromolecule?
How do you know?
October 7th
AGENDA:
• Unknowns Lab Period 1
Only
TEST on Ch 2.3:
October 13th
October 11, 2016
AGENDA:
• Review Macromolecule
Pkt and Foldable
• PollEverwhere
• BioMolecules Pkt
TEST on Ch 2.3:
October 13th (Thursday)
October 13, 2016
Agenda:
- Review Biochem Pkt
- Macromolecule Quiz
After the quiz, grab a textbook.
Complete Ch 3.1 Notes and Venn Diagram (Due Tmrw)