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Thursday 9/29 Agenda: - Video: Why is carbon such a tramp? - Notes on Macromolecules - FedUp Article and Questions Section 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • All compounds are either organic or inorganic. • Organic compounds are made of carbon. • This is NOT the same organic from the food store or farmers market. Carbon is UNIQUE. • Carbon has four outer electrons • It is readily available to form covalent bonds with other elements. • Single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds • Straight chains, branched chains, rings Monomers and Polymers • • • • There are four kinds of biological molecules Made of small units called monomers Monomers come together to make polymers Polymers with molecular weights over 1,000 are called macromolecules Monomer- Dunkin Munchkin, Polymer- String them into a necklace, Macromolecule- If you all put your necklaces together. ** Review Questions ** • Life processes require a constant supply of energy from our food. The compound used to store this energy is called ______. • What does it stand for? • How does it give off energy? • How does it store energy? Macromolecules Carbohydrates Protein Lipid Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates • Elements: H-C-O • Function: Energy CH2OH O H H OH H OH HO H Sugars (-ose) – Monosaccharides H • THESE ARE THE MONOMERS • Simple Sugars • Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Ribose, Galactose – Disaccharides • Two linked sugars – Polysaccharides sucrose • Many Sugars • Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar OH Disaccharides • Synthesis 1 sugar = monosaccharide | glucose | glucose 2 sugars = disaccharide | maltose Monosac. are covalently bonded by condensation rxns to form glycosidic links Disaccharides • Synthesis 1 sugar = monosaccharide | glucose | fructose How sweet it is! 2 sugars = disaccharide | sucrose (table sugar) Examples of Polysaccharides • Starch – energy storage in plants » potatoes • Glycogen – energy storage in animals » in liver & muscles • Cellulose – structure in plants poly = many » cell walls • Chitin – structure in arthropods & fungi » exoskeleton Different Diets of Herbivores Cow can digest cellulose well; MICROBES; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet Any Questions? Lipids: Fats & Oils 2003-2004 Lipids • Elements: C- H-O • Function: – Energy • Very concentrated • Twice the energy as carbohydrates! – Cushions organs – Cell membrane – Insulates your body • Think whale blubber! 2003-2004 Lipids • Examples – fats – oils – waxes – hormones • sex hormones – testosterone (male) – estrogen (female) 2003-2004 Lipids have no true monomer! • Categorized by HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES Saturated Types • Animal fats • Solid at room temperature • Limit in your diet = heart disease Unsaturated • Plants • Liquid at room temperature Any Questions? Fed-Up Article DUE BEFORE THE BELL Friday 9/30 Agenda: - Finish notes on Macromolecules - Start Foldable Mini-Project: Due on October 5th Proteins • Elements: C-H-O-N • Function: Structural support: Hair, Nails, Claws Enzymes Transport In/Out Cell Hormones (Insulin) Immune Defense Muscle Movement and Repair • Monomer: Amino Acids – (20 different amino acids) Protein Structure • Primary: Chain of Amino Acids _________________ • Secondary: The Chain starts to ravel into pleated sheets • Tertiary: Becomes a 3D Shape • Quaternary: > 1 3D shape twisted together – Example: Hemoglobin which brings oxygen to the blood *** Review Question *** • What does denature mean? Any questions? Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, N, P Monomer: Nucleotide Examples: – DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid – RNA RiboNucleic Acid • Function: Nucleic Acids • Store genetic information – DNA: Blueprint • Transfer genetic information – RNA: Transfer instructions DNA proteins This is a nucleotide. sugar N base phosphate nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide Nucleotide chains – Draw a picture • DNA: Double Strand • RNA: Single Strand sugar N base sugar N base phosphate phosphate strong bonds sugar N base sugar N base phosphate phosphate HELIXHELIX October 5, 2016 AGENDA: • Foldable Due: Pd 1 & 4 • Macromolecule Review Sheet • Model Building Signed Ch 2 Tests and Study Guides Due TMRW October 6, 2016 AGENDA: • Review Questions • Model building due today Homework: Macromolecule Review Pkt – Due Tmrw TEST on Ch 2.3: October 13th What is the chemical formula for glucose? C H O What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen? : : Five elements essential to life: Which macromolecule is considered the blueprint of life? Three functions of proteins. Where are these polysaccharides found? • • • • Cellulose – Starch – Glycogen – Chitin - Molecule Match- Up Match the monomer and elements with the macromolecule. 1. Protein A. Nucleotides B. Amino Acids 2. Lipid 3. Nucleic Acid C. Chain of C, H, O D. Fatty Acids E. Chain of C, H, O, N 4. Carbohydrate F. Chain of C, H, O, N, P ATP – ________ energy ADP – ________ energy What kind of macromolecule? How do you know? What kind of macromolecule? How do you know? October 7th AGENDA: • Unknowns Lab Period 1 Only TEST on Ch 2.3: October 13th October 11, 2016 AGENDA: • Review Macromolecule Pkt and Foldable • PollEverwhere • BioMolecules Pkt TEST on Ch 2.3: October 13th (Thursday) October 13, 2016 Agenda: - Review Biochem Pkt - Macromolecule Quiz After the quiz, grab a textbook. Complete Ch 3.1 Notes and Venn Diagram (Due Tmrw)