Download Macromolecule Study Guide

Macromolecule Study Guide
Macromolecules: Large Molecules that Sustain Living Organisms
Carbohydrates: Made from the Elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Provide Short Term Energy to Cells
Monomer = Monosaccharide
3 Types: Monosaccharide (1 Sugar Unit = Lowest Energy), Science Example = Glucose
Disaccharide (2 Sugar Units), Science Example = Sucrose
Polysaccharide (Many Sugar Units = Most E), Science Examples = Starch, Cellulose
Starch Food Examples = Bread, Potatoes, Rice, Pasta
(Humans can convert to useable energy.)
Cellulose Food Examples = Lettuce, Outer Part of Corn
(Humans cannot convert to useable energy, but some animals can.)
Lipids: Made from the Elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Provide Long Term Energy to Cells
Monomer = Fatty Acid Chains (Triglyceride = Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acid Chains)
2 Types: Saturated: All Single Bonded Carbons, Maximum Number of Hydrogens, Straight
Chain, Often Solid at Room Temperature, Less Healthy
Saturated Food Examples = Butter, Animal Fat
Unsaturated: At Least One Double Bond, Less Than Max. Number of Hydrogens,
Bent Chain, Often Liquid at Room Temperature, Healthier
Unsaturated Food Examples = Vegetable Oils, Fish Oil
Proteins: Made from Elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Provides Movement through Muscle Tissue, Cellular Reactions with Enzymes
Monomer = Amino Acids
Food Examples = Animal Muscle Tissue, Tofu, Yogurt, Beans, Egg Whites
Nucleic Acids: Made from Elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Stores and Pass On Genetic Information
Monomer = Nucleotides (Phosphate, Pentose, Nitrogen)
Phosphate = 1 Phosphorus + 4 Oxygen
Pentose = 5 Carbon Sugar
2 Types: DNA, RNA