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Macromolecule Study Guide Macromolecules: Large Molecules that Sustain Living Organisms Carbohydrates: Made from the Elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Provide Short Term Energy to Cells Monomer = Monosaccharide 3 Types: Monosaccharide (1 Sugar Unit = Lowest Energy), Science Example = Glucose Disaccharide (2 Sugar Units), Science Example = Sucrose Polysaccharide (Many Sugar Units = Most E), Science Examples = Starch, Cellulose Starch Food Examples = Bread, Potatoes, Rice, Pasta (Humans can convert to useable energy.) Cellulose Food Examples = Lettuce, Outer Part of Corn (Humans cannot convert to useable energy, but some animals can.) Lipids: Made from the Elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Provide Long Term Energy to Cells Monomer = Fatty Acid Chains (Triglyceride = Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acid Chains) 2 Types: Saturated: All Single Bonded Carbons, Maximum Number of Hydrogens, Straight Chain, Often Solid at Room Temperature, Less Healthy Saturated Food Examples = Butter, Animal Fat Unsaturated: At Least One Double Bond, Less Than Max. Number of Hydrogens, Bent Chain, Often Liquid at Room Temperature, Healthier Unsaturated Food Examples = Vegetable Oils, Fish Oil Proteins: Made from Elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Provides Movement through Muscle Tissue, Cellular Reactions with Enzymes Monomer = Amino Acids Food Examples = Animal Muscle Tissue, Tofu, Yogurt, Beans, Egg Whites Nucleic Acids: Made from Elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Stores and Pass On Genetic Information Monomer = Nucleotides (Phosphate, Pentose, Nitrogen) Phosphate = 1 Phosphorus + 4 Oxygen Pentose = 5 Carbon Sugar 2 Types: DNA, RNA