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Everything you need to know and be able to do for the Space Unit… SES #2 and #8 Developing and Using Models and Obtaining, Evaluating and Communicating Information Explain what a given diagram has to teach (what it tells us). Explain phenomena using a combination of diagrams and words. Describe the pros and cons of given models. Given options, choose the best model to use to support an explanation. Explain your choice. STS #3 Scale, Proportion and Quantity Use your sense of scale, proportion and quantity to create explanations and diagrams that communicate the relative size and distances between objects in space. Given options, identify scales, proportions, and quantities that match or help explain those of objects in space. ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars What could be described as “made up of” galaxies? The Universe is made up of galaxies. What could be described as “made up of” stars? Galaxies are made up of stars. What could be described as “made up of” planets? Solar Systems are made up of planets orbiting a central star(s). About how many stars are in our galaxy? What is our galaxy’s name? 100 Billion How far apart are stars from each other compared to how far planets are from their star? Stars are at least 10,000 times further apart from one another than the distance between a star and its orbiting planets. How far apart are neighboring galaxies from each other compared to how far apart neighboring stars in the same galaxy are from one another? Draw a diagram of the Universe that shows the relative locations, size, and distances apart of galaxies, stars and planets. Neighboring galaxies are, on average, about 100,000 times further apart from one another than neighboring stars are from one another. ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System Name the planets of our Solar System in order. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Draw a diagram that roughly shows the relative distances of the 8 planets from the Sun. How do the relative sizes of the outer planets (from Jupiter out) and the inner planets (from Mars in) contrast? Use words and diagrams to explain why we have day and night here on Earth. The outer planets are many, many times bigger than the inner ones. Know the difference between revolution and rotation and their connections to day and night and the year. Rotation means to spin on an objects own axis. Rotation causes day and night as the part of an object that faces a light source (like our Sun) changes. Revolution means to go in an orbit around another object. The time it takes for an object to revolve once around what it is orbiting is called a year. As the Earth rotates around over 24 hours the part of the Earth that you are on will for part of the 24 hours be facing toward the Sun and be lit up by it and for part of the 24 hours be facing away from the Sun and not be lit up. Use words and diagrams to explain why we have seasons on Earth. Draw a diagram that shows the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon during a Lunar Eclipse. Draw a diagram that shows the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon during a Solar Eclipse. Name the 8 phases of the moon in order, starting from any point in the cycle. New → Waxing Crescent → First Quarter (or Waxing Half) → Waxing Gibbous → Full → Waning Gibbous → Third Quarter (or Waning Half) → Waning Crescent → New Draw what relative positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth would cause each phase. Using only words, explain what causes the Phases of the Moon. If a Lunar Eclipse is happening, what phase must the Moon be in? Why? If a Solar Eclipse is happening, what phase must the Moon be in? Why? As the Moon revolves around the Earth across 29 days the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun are constantly changing. The side of the Moon that faces the Sun is always lit up by it. But on Earth, depending on where the Sun and Moon are relative to us, we don’t always see all, or at New any of the lit up part. A Lunar Eclipse is when the Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon. For that to happen the Sun, Earth, and Moon must be in a line (in that order). This is the alignment that creates a full moon…when the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is also the side that is lit up by the Sun. A Solar Eclipse is when the Moon’s shadow falls on the Earth. For that to happen the Sun, Moon, and Earth must be in a line (in that order). This is the alignment that creates a New Moon…when the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is not lit up by the Sun at all. Why don’t Eclipses happen every time there is a Full or New Moon? The plane of the orbit of the Moon around the Earth is not always the same as the plane of the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. The plane of the orbit of the Moon around the Earth wobbles up and down. When it is tilted at all, when we get to New or Full Moon the Moon is either above or below the line of the Earth and Sun. And if it isn’t right in line, there won’t be an Eclipse. What is the relationship between the masses of two objects and the force of gravity between them? The larger the masses of the objects, the greater the gravity between them. Gravity is “caused” by mass. What is the relationship between the distance between two objects and the force of gravity between them? The closer they are together, the greater the gravity between them. It’s kind of like with magnets. The closer together they are, the harder they pull. An object in orbit around another object is falling toward it. It just keeps moving forward at the right speed so that it falls around it, rather than into it. But what would happen to the orbiting object if gravity suddenly disappeared? What would happen if gravity increased or decreased? As the force of attraction increases, the orbiting object will move into a lower orbit and speed up. As it decreases, it would do the opposite. If gravity were to suddenly vanish the orbiting object would stop “falling” and it would keep moving in the direction it was going when gravity vanished.