REM Sleep - Test Page
... events might correspond to REM sleep twitches and which might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 per day, compared with approximately 3000 in the rat. If the ...
... events might correspond to REM sleep twitches and which might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 per day, compared with approximately 3000 in the rat. If the ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... chiasm [47]. These morphological and functional changes in LGN cells are consistent with a delayed maturation of the LGN and suggest that REM sleep activity provides a source of endogenous neuronal activity necessary for normal LGN development. More recent works used various forms of selective REM s ...
... chiasm [47]. These morphological and functional changes in LGN cells are consistent with a delayed maturation of the LGN and suggest that REM sleep activity provides a source of endogenous neuronal activity necessary for normal LGN development. More recent works used various forms of selective REM s ...
IOTA Observer`s Manual
... discoverer of Uranus, William Herschel, as he noticed faint stars dim as the planet passed close by. Occultation observations are fun to observe. There is perhaps nothing more exciting than watching a star vanish and return from behind a lunar mountain, or to see the star disappear for several secon ...
... discoverer of Uranus, William Herschel, as he noticed faint stars dim as the planet passed close by. Occultation observations are fun to observe. There is perhaps nothing more exciting than watching a star vanish and return from behind a lunar mountain, or to see the star disappear for several secon ...
here
... minutes to 24.8 arc minutes but increases in illumination from 27% to 48% during the course of the month. As the sun rises in late May, Venus will reach an altitude of about 23 degrees for observers at 40 degrees north. The brightest planet is at the descending node on May 9th. On May 22nd, Venus li ...
... minutes to 24.8 arc minutes but increases in illumination from 27% to 48% during the course of the month. As the sun rises in late May, Venus will reach an altitude of about 23 degrees for observers at 40 degrees north. The brightest planet is at the descending node on May 9th. On May 22nd, Venus li ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... Rapid eye movements can be defined as fast rotatory ocular movements. This definition embraces a great variety of eye movements including saccades performed by awake individuals, a phenomenon extensively studied and one of the hallmarks of cognitive sciences. Saccades permit individuals to rapidly m ...
... Rapid eye movements can be defined as fast rotatory ocular movements. This definition embraces a great variety of eye movements including saccades performed by awake individuals, a phenomenon extensively studied and one of the hallmarks of cognitive sciences. Saccades permit individuals to rapidly m ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... this may be related to the vastly divergent levels of observation of the brain capable in preclinical and human studies. With the advent of advances in preclinical work defining the brain mechanisms underlying electrophysiologic oscillations measured at the brain surface and in human brain imaging w ...
... this may be related to the vastly divergent levels of observation of the brain capable in preclinical and human studies. With the advent of advances in preclinical work defining the brain mechanisms underlying electrophysiologic oscillations measured at the brain surface and in human brain imaging w ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... averages brain activity over the one-minute scanning time, the negative correlation might reflect a prominent effect of slow oscillation down states over time accounting for the decrease in blood flow observed with PET. One H215O PET study has been devoted to phasic REM sleep activity. In this work, ...
... averages brain activity over the one-minute scanning time, the negative correlation might reflect a prominent effect of slow oscillation down states over time accounting for the decrease in blood flow observed with PET. One H215O PET study has been devoted to phasic REM sleep activity. In this work, ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... lower in ungulates versus carnivores [19]. Similarly, ecological pressures, such as the need to keep moving for migrating birds or to breathe air for diving marine mammals, may explain unihemispheric sleep and the small amount of REM sleep in some marine mammals [19]. Further, in line with increased ...
... lower in ungulates versus carnivores [19]. Similarly, ecological pressures, such as the need to keep moving for migrating birds or to breathe air for diving marine mammals, may explain unihemispheric sleep and the small amount of REM sleep in some marine mammals [19]. Further, in line with increased ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... reticular core, the maximal intensity of sleep, with its high-voltage EEG waves, was seen. Sensory inputs to the reticular core were thought to control its activity, thus providing an explanation for the arousing effects of sensory stimuli. However, this concept did not explain the fact that the com ...
... reticular core, the maximal intensity of sleep, with its high-voltage EEG waves, was seen. Sensory inputs to the reticular core were thought to control its activity, thus providing an explanation for the arousing effects of sensory stimuli. However, this concept did not explain the fact that the com ...
365 days of SKYWATCHING
... The Moon Let’s start with one of the most simple to find and highly rewarding objects to study - the Moon. Its rugged craters, high mountains and vast seas offer some of the finest details to be found in any astronomical target. It changes every night as the terminator - the line between sunset and sh ...
... The Moon Let’s start with one of the most simple to find and highly rewarding objects to study - the Moon. Its rugged craters, high mountains and vast seas offer some of the finest details to be found in any astronomical target. It changes every night as the terminator - the line between sunset and sh ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... and wakefulness. In numerous brain regions, levels of glutamate are highest during wakefulness or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Azuma et al. 1996; Kodama et al. 1998; Kodama and Honda 1999; Léna et al. 2005; LopezRodriguez et al. 2007; John et al. 2008; Dash et al. 2009). One exception is the tha ...
... and wakefulness. In numerous brain regions, levels of glutamate are highest during wakefulness or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Azuma et al. 1996; Kodama et al. 1998; Kodama and Honda 1999; Léna et al. 2005; LopezRodriguez et al. 2007; John et al. 2008; Dash et al. 2009). One exception is the tha ...
A Critical Period of Sleep for Development of Courtship Circuitry and
... known. Using Drosophila, we found that increased sleep in young flies was associated with an elevated arousal threshold and resistance to sleep deprivation. Excess sleep results from decreased inhibition of a sleep-promoting region by a specific dopaminergic circuit. Experimental hyperactivation of ...
... known. Using Drosophila, we found that increased sleep in young flies was associated with an elevated arousal threshold and resistance to sleep deprivation. Excess sleep results from decreased inhibition of a sleep-promoting region by a specific dopaminergic circuit. Experimental hyperactivation of ...
Mammalian Sleep
... altricial species (e.g., lapse of thermoregulation), REM sleep may be a carryover from fetal life. ...
... altricial species (e.g., lapse of thermoregulation), REM sleep may be a carryover from fetal life. ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... Animals were anesthetized with chloral hydrate, bone wax was removed, the skull was reexposed, and a fine glass micropipette (10 –20 m tip diameter) was lowered into the V L PO area on each side of the brain stereotaxically. The coordinates used for the V L PO (Paxinos and Watson, 1986) were antero ...
... Animals were anesthetized with chloral hydrate, bone wax was removed, the skull was reexposed, and a fine glass micropipette (10 –20 m tip diameter) was lowered into the V L PO area on each side of the brain stereotaxically. The coordinates used for the V L PO (Paxinos and Watson, 1986) were antero ...
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... rhythmicity in behavioral state changes. Since the first description of the circadian “clock” (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) gene in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within the brain,14 other clocks in the peripheral organs associated with energy regulation have been recognized that follo ...
... rhythmicity in behavioral state changes. Since the first description of the circadian “clock” (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) gene in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within the brain,14 other clocks in the peripheral organs associated with energy regulation have been recognized that follo ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... characterised by repeated transitions between the different states of vigilance: wake, light and deep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This review is concerned with current knowledge on these state transitions, focusing primarily on those findings that allow t ...
... characterised by repeated transitions between the different states of vigilance: wake, light and deep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This review is concerned with current knowledge on these state transitions, focusing primarily on those findings that allow t ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... EEG waves indicate that electrical activity is waxing and waning in sampled cortex; if activity were random, discharges would cancel out and no waves would be produced. EEG waves are due to: 1) oscillating activity within cortex (CORTICAL DIPOLES) 2) oscillation in feedback circuits between thal ...
... EEG waves indicate that electrical activity is waxing and waning in sampled cortex; if activity were random, discharges would cancel out and no waves would be produced. EEG waves are due to: 1) oscillating activity within cortex (CORTICAL DIPOLES) 2) oscillation in feedback circuits between thal ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... aroused. With transition to stage 2, EEG patterns termed sleep spindles and K complexes appear on the EEG. Sleep spindles are 12- to 14-Hz synchronized EEG waveforms with duration of 1.5 seconds. Sleep spindle waves arise as a result of synchronization of groups of thalamic neurons by the GABAergic ...
... aroused. With transition to stage 2, EEG patterns termed sleep spindles and K complexes appear on the EEG. Sleep spindles are 12- to 14-Hz synchronized EEG waveforms with duration of 1.5 seconds. Sleep spindle waves arise as a result of synchronization of groups of thalamic neurons by the GABAergic ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... • The discovery of a strong correlation between REM sleep and visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 min ...
... • The discovery of a strong correlation between REM sleep and visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 min ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... • The discovery of a strong correlation between REM sleep and visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 min ...
... • The discovery of a strong correlation between REM sleep and visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 min ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... we formed additional groups in which animals received 6 hours of MD during wake. Then, we performed 1-hour RSD followed by 1 hour of undisturbed recovery sleep (RSD + recovery group) or allowed animals 1 hour of undisturbed sleep followed by 1 hour of RSD (delayed RSD group). Because these groups we ...
... we formed additional groups in which animals received 6 hours of MD during wake. Then, we performed 1-hour RSD followed by 1 hour of undisturbed recovery sleep (RSD + recovery group) or allowed animals 1 hour of undisturbed sleep followed by 1 hour of RSD (delayed RSD group). Because these groups we ...
Serum kisspeptin levels across different phases of the menstrual
... insight into the fundamental physiology of kisspeptin across the human menstrual cycle. Our results suggest that endogenous kisspeptin secretion varies across the menstrual cycle. However, kisspeptin levels do not seem to be related to oestradiol in any of the stages. The physiological mechanisms un ...
... insight into the fundamental physiology of kisspeptin across the human menstrual cycle. Our results suggest that endogenous kisspeptin secretion varies across the menstrual cycle. However, kisspeptin levels do not seem to be related to oestradiol in any of the stages. The physiological mechanisms un ...
Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... (>90%) of postero-lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in human narcolepsy/cataplexy pointing to a secondary loss of these cells while at the same time sparing co-localized neurons (i.e. melanin concentrating hormone)-raising the possibility of an auto-immune attack against orexin neurons exclusively ...
... (>90%) of postero-lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in human narcolepsy/cataplexy pointing to a secondary loss of these cells while at the same time sparing co-localized neurons (i.e. melanin concentrating hormone)-raising the possibility of an auto-immune attack against orexin neurons exclusively ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... Slow wave sleep predominates in the first third of the night and is linked to the initiation of sleep. REM sleep predominates in the last 3rd of the night. Wakefulness in sleep usually accounts for less than 5% of the night. N1 generally constitutes 2 to 5% of sleep. N2 generally constitutes 45 to 5 ...
... Slow wave sleep predominates in the first third of the night and is linked to the initiation of sleep. REM sleep predominates in the last 3rd of the night. Wakefulness in sleep usually accounts for less than 5% of the night. N1 generally constitutes 2 to 5% of sleep. N2 generally constitutes 45 to 5 ...
maintenance of motor pattern phase relationships in the ventilatory
... the basis of an analysis of the correlation between cycle period and time delays in the pattern. However, such correlations are not a sufficient basis on which to conclude that phase remains constant in a motor pattern (see Discussion). In addition, Young’s data were obtained from semi-intact prepar ...
... the basis of an analysis of the correlation between cycle period and time delays in the pattern. However, such correlations are not a sufficient basis on which to conclude that phase remains constant in a motor pattern (see Discussion). In addition, Young’s data were obtained from semi-intact prepar ...
Lunar effect
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The term lunar effect refers to the belief that there is correlation between specific stages of the Earth's lunar cycle and behavior in animals (including humans), that cannot simply be explained by variation in light levels. A considerable number of studies have examined the belief: by the late 1980s, there were at least 40 published studies on the purported lunar-lunacy connection, and at least 20 published studies on the purported lunar-birthrate connection. Several extensive literature reviews and meta-analyses have found no correlation between the lunar cycle and human biology or behavior. One study with incomplete control for age and sex of a small sample indicates a possible connection between sleep quality and lunar phases, but a subsequent analysis conducted with a larger sample size and better experimental controls did not replicate the findings. The Moon, however, does influence the behavior of several animals.