Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Fall of the Roman Empire 1. External Issues => Barbarian Tribes Attacking 2. Internal Issues => Disease, Famine, War Problems Start for Rome 1) Rome Loses Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (9AD) 1) Roman trained German leads Germanic tribes 2) Wipe out 3 Roman Legions = affected psyche of Rome 1) Stop expanding, and decide to hold at the Rhine river 2) Without expansion there is less money & slaves coming in to Rome Problems Start for Rome 1) Roman Senators become wealthy landowners whose wealth is NOT tied to the military or trade. As such: 1) Roman Senators more invested in taking the throne to give themselves wealthy grants of land and other perks/bribes 1) Civil Wars rage from 193 C.E. onward devastating the countryside 2) Senators promised more and more money to soldiers to fight for them (So the Senator could become the Emperor) 1) This emptied Rome’s coffers The Empire in Crisis: 200CE •Rome No longer has a powerhouse army •Barbarians like Visigoths &Vandals raiding Roman territory •Trying to get away from the HUNS •Roman army uses Barbarians as mercenaries Diocletian Splits the Empire: 294 CE Diocletian split the Empire in two with two consuls in each half He hoped it would reduce civil wars and help defend the borders better But by increasing the size of the army and adding numerous more government officials he just ended up helping make Rome become poorer faster! Problems in Western Rome 1) Numerous plagues strike Western Roman Empire wiping out laborers & soldiers 2) Roman Senators ban themselves, and their workers, from military service: 1) 2) 3) Less troops for the army = hire mercenaries = less money Senate has no vested interest in helping keep the army strong/modern and let it fall behind technologically Shortage of workers = shortage of goods and trade 1) Less trade = less money 3) With less money Rome increased taxes on provinces and the poor 1) 2) People became resentful of the government = unrest People started joining Christianity where poor = good 1) Christianity said you shouldn’t worship the Emperor and that he is not a god = more unrest Emperors of the West • • • • • • • • • • • 406-407 Marcus 407 Gratian 407-411 Constantine III 409 Constans II 409-411 Maximus 411-413 Jovinus 412-413 Sebastianus 414-415 Priscus Attalus 421 Constantius III 423-425 Johannes 425-455 Valentinian III • • • • • • • • • • • 455 Petronius Maximus 455-456 Avitus 457-461 Majorian 461-465 Libius Severus 467-472 Anthemius 468 Arvandus 470 Romanus 472 Olybrius 473-474 Glycerius 474-475 Julius Nepos 475-476 Romulus Augustulus Civil Wars in Western Rome Continued: •24 Emperors in 80years •Most killed predecessors to take power or over threw them in a civil war •No stability or good leadership led to weakness. Problems in Western Rome Western Roman Empire started making deals with the invading Barbarian tribes (Vandals, Goths, etc.) for them to fight in the Roman Army in exchange for them being given land within Roman borders These tribes wanted protection from the Huns (Attila!) However, as Rome treated the new barbarians poorly and as Rome became poorer it couldn’t pay the barbarian troops Visigoth General (Alaric) takes his Roman-trained army and sacks Rome to get money and food for their people (410 CE) Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God” Other Nomadic tribes fled from Attila into Roman territory causing destruction in their way. Though he never sacked Rome or Constantinople he did invade Gaul, etc numerous times Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God” Attila’s Empire was right on the edge of the Roman Empire (and almost as large) Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c End of the Western Roman Empire Eastern Rome Remains Strong Still had trade with Asia which kept it wealthy Had a smaller border to defend from Barbarian invaders Stronger leaders and less civil wars Allowed Eastern Rome to survive and thrive as the Byzantine Empire. Eastern Roman Empire Constantine: 312 – 337CE • Emperor of the East (Byzantine Empire – Preserve Roman Culture) • Founded Constantinople - Site of Byzantium • Modern Istanbul • Well set for trade and defense (lasted until 1456CE) • Had a vision of a cross in the sky before the battle of Milvian Bridge •Won the battle and took it as a sign to follow God •Changed laws to be more lenient towards Christianity. •Became Christian on his death bed. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome”(330CE)