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Date of Discovery: 1865 Discovery: Genetics Name of Discoverer: Gregor Mendel Mendel's discovery in Genetics help scientist everywhere get past a great milestone. With his discovery in genetic solved some of the worlds questioned of how offspring and relatives looked so much alike. I n the future it helps determine who the parents are of there offspring because Mendel stated that most genes in parents will be passed on to their offspring. Now that we know some times we can tell the biological parents of a child just by looking at them even though that’s not correct procedure for such important information. Even though Mendel discovery was important he did not win any major awards for his discovery. Was in Australia when he made his discovery Did not win any special prizes for discovery Date of Discovery: 1952 Discovery: Genes are Made of DNA Name of Discoverer: Alfred Hersey Martha chase was his partner in the discovery Hersey's discovery help us realized that the real genetic material was the DNA not protein. Without his discovery we would not have known for a while that the DNA was being attacked by viruses instead of the protein. Now that we had this information we know that when you have a virus to look at DNA to find problem. We now have also figured out ways to stops viruses from attacking DNA. Without his discovery the virus real target would have gone unknown for centuries. He won a Nobel prize for his discovery in 1969 Date of Discovery:1955 Name of Discovery: 46 Chromosomes Name of Discoverer: Joe Hin Tjio Worked alone did not have any help Dr.Tjio discovery helped more scientist realize the there was only 46 chromosomes and not 48.Without his discovery scientist would have thought that disease that attacked chromosome attacked 48 eight of them and not 46. He opened up a new gate to realize that when deadly disease attacked chromosome there wasn’t any chromosomes missing that there was actually 46 saving scientist time not looking for the extra 2. Tjio discovery also help fight lung cancer a little bit better than we already were. Tjio discovery helped the world. Worked in his lab when discovery was made Was presented with an Outstanding Achievement from the president. Date of Discovery: 1955 Name of Discovery: DNA copying Enzyme Discoverer: Arthur Kornberg Had one partner who helped him on discovery named Severo Ochoa Kornberg discovery helped us realized what was the Dna copying enzyme was. Without his discovery we would not have known what the copying enzyme was. His discovery helped in future to realize how DNA was replicated. Without his discovery if would have taken us longer to realize how DNA was copied. His discovery was very important. Was presented with a Nobel Prize that he shared with Severo Date of discovery: 1956 Name of Discovery: Sickle Cell anemia Name of Discoverer: Ernest E. Irons Had no help from any of his associates Irons discovery helped us realize a deadly virus called sickle cell. Without his discovery this disease would have gone unnoticed. The discovery is important because without it Sickle could have killed some people. Also with his discovery now we know how to fight sickle cell. This finding was mostly important because this disease was fatal until discovery Irons discovery helped us realize a deadly virus called sickle cell. Without his discovery this disease would have gone unnoticed. The discovery is important because without it Sickle could have killed some people. Also with his discovery now we know how to fight sickle cell. This finding was mostly important because this disease was fatal until discovery Won the L.A. Drama Critics Circle Award for his discovery. Date of Discovery:1958 Name of Discovery: Semiconservative Replication of DNA Name of Discoverer: Matthew Meselson Had no help in his discovery Meselson discovery help used realized that DNA semi conservatively reproduce. Without this discovery we would have thought that DNA reproduce all the way. Learning how parental DNA reproduces and how far it goes. Learning helped us realized how genetics are passed from parent to offspring. This also show how fast they take to replicate. Won the Nobel Prize for his discovery Date of Discovery: 1959 Name of Discovery: Down Syndrome Name of Discoverer: Professor Jerome Lejeune Had some colleagues that helped him with his discovery Professor Jerome made his discovery while analyzing Trisomy 21. Without his discovery Down Syndrome would have gone unnoticed. This also helped us realize that down syndrome attacked the chromosomes. And we also figured some ways to slow it down. But have not figured out how to stop it. He received many international awards for his discovery. Date of Discovery: 1961 Name of Discovery: Phenylketonuria Name of Discoverer: Robert Guthrie Had no help in his discovery Guthrie discovery helped us help newborns with this disease. Even though test took time it helped us help newborns. This discovery helped later on in the future to prevent newborns from being sick. This discovery helped us realize how bad the disease phenylketonuria was. This helped us save babies lives. Has not won any awards for his discovery. Date of Discovery: 1966 Name of Discovery: Genetic Code Cracked Name of Discoverer: Marshall Nirenberg Had some help from his colleagues in Discovery Nirenberg helped us realize the first four most reoccurring amino acids in genetics code. Also helped us make some discovery about the mRNA chain. Also help us realize without these amino acids the chain would not be correct. And all people would have not been able to realize why they had genetic diseases. This discovery is very important. He and his colleagues won the Nobel prize for there discovery Date of Discovery: 1972 Name of Discovery: Recombinant DNA Name of Discoverer: Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer Had one major colleague Herbert Boyer There discovery helped us identify the first recombinant DNA sequence. Without this we wouldn’t know the recombinance of DNA. There discovery helped us realize how complex DNA is. There discovery is very important to the history of genetics. This discovery changed the world forever. Won Nobel Prize for his discovery Date of Discovery: 1976 Name of Discovery: Genetech Name of Discoverer: Herbert Boyer Had no ectra help in founding this building of Genetic Engineering Herbert's foundation helped us discover more about genetic engineering. Without it may have taken us longer to be able to clone animals. Plus it helped us understand how we can clone animals. Plus now it’s a booming industry and helps scientist have breakthroughs everyday. The founding of Genetech helped us worldwide on Genetic engineering. Received no rewards for his help in founding his new company Developed to over 9000 new companies. • • • • • Date of Discovery: 1977 Name of Discovery: Introns Name of Discoverer: Richards Roberts & Phil Sharps Had one major partner Phil Sharps There discovery helped scientist everywhere. Also helped future scientist realize what connected genetics in the human body. These introns are very important to the body. This discovery helped the world a lot in discovering more about genetics. They also founded some companies to further research. • Helped world realize that introns are important. Date of Discovery: 1869 Name of Discovery: DNA First Isolated Name of Discoverer: Friedrich Miescher Had no partners in his work Friedrich was a Swiss scientist. The first scientist to isolate DNA. And he got most of his materials from a hospital nearby his school campus. This discovery helped us find out how to isolate Dna to further investigates mysteries of the cell. This discovery in the future helps us to examine mutations and such further thing in the nuclein of the cell. The discovery is very fascinating including that in its time era there wasn’t really any high tech equipment to do this research with. Also was in University of Tubingen when he made his discovery. Did not receive any awards for his discovery. Date of Discovery: 1879 Name of Discovery: Mitosis Observed Name of Discoverer: Walter Flemming Had no help in his discovery This discovery was a very important milestone goal for all mankind. This set a new mission genetics because we knew how and what happened during mitosis. It also helped the theory of inheritance and support its facts. Mitosis is a very complicated procedure this breakthrough helped us understand it better. This discovery helped us in the future to realize how complicated and hard a cells life is. Mitosis is very important to everyone’s life. Could not determine from sources if Flemming won any awards for his discoveries. Date of Discovery: 1902 Name of Discovery: Alkaptonuria Name of Discoverer: Archibald Garrod No help from additional parties Alkaptonuria help to classify a bunch of weird symptoms to a reason why they were happening. Even though this disease wasn’t deadly it still made life less uncomfortable. So finding his out helped us try to find a cure. Now in the future when symptoms arrive we n where to look first. Even though it could be many things besides this virus. This also helped us figure out in the future if this is the case we know where to look in order to find out the base of the problem. Won a Nobel prize for his discovery went on to many scientist try to improve his work. Date of Discovery: 1909 Name of Discovery: Word Gene Name of Discoverer: Wilhelm Johannsen Had a little bit of help from early research from scientist William Bateson His discovery made further evidence to discover how genes are affected in life cycle of host. This helped to identify hoe genes worked and how they effect our lives. Genes are very important on are lives and how they effect our daily lives. Genes are very complicated and if any one gets messed up the host life can be ruin in just a second. Genes control what we look like and how we act also how we behave and adapt to life. Genes are the reason people study genetics. Won Nobel Prize for Discovery Date of Discovery: 1911 Name of Discovery: Chromosomes Units of Heredity Name of Discoverer: Thomas Hunt Morgan Had help from his group from Columbia University This discovery showed that genes strung on chromosomes are unit of heredity. Morgan and his students made many important contributions to genetics. His students actually discovered the genetic linkage on there own. They showed that chromosomes carry genes. This discovery also described chromosome recombination. Won the Nobel prize for his Study in Physiology or Medicine. Date of Discovery: 1902 Name of Discovery: Chromosome Theory of Heredity Name of Discoverer: Walter Sutton Worked alone in his process of discovery His discovery helped us realize how genes were passed from parent to offspring. This meaning he found out why kids looked liked acted like and were identical to their parents. Heredity is really just another word for saying genes. Heredity plays a big role of how the world has diversified over the years. His discovery helps us in the future everyday. Could not determine from sources if Sutton won any awards. Date of Discovery: 1941 Name of Discovery: One Gene, One Enzyme Name of Discoverer: George Beadle and Edward Tatum Had only each other as partners Had been some of the first to experiments on the mold species of Neurospora. Showed that genes act by regulating distinct chemical events. They spent two years studying this mold in T.H. Morgan’s lab at Caltech. They also used fruit flies to conduct their research and discovery on the mold and rotting of fruit. Also they realized that without various animals in ecosystem the world wouldn’t be the same. Won the Nobel Prize Date of Discovery: 1944 Name of Discovery: Jumping Genes Name of Discoverer: Barbara McClintock Had no help in her studies Barbara found that genes could jump from one chromosome to another. She used corn as her model for this experiment or model organism. She also observed the genes can be transported from one position to another using chromosomes and genes. She also opened new gateway to see that chromosomes have one more than one use in the human body. Jumping genes have been jumping from the beginning of time. Won the Nobel prize in 1983