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HEMOGLOBIN - Hb
AUTHOR:
Hana Rachůnková
What is hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin is a protein that is
carried by red cells.
Hemoglobin is contained in
erythrocytes.
It picks up oxygen in the lungs
and delivers in to the
peripheral tissues to maintain
the viability of cells.
Hemoglobin has a 4 subunits.
One subunit has a polypeptide
chain.
Hemoglobin
Polypeptide chain has connected HEM.
Hem is a complex compound containing tetrapyrol circle with central
atom of iron.
Hemoglobin
4 polypeptides form GLOBIN – protein, which takes 96% molecul of
hemoglobin.
How is hemoglobin made?
Like all proteins, the ´´blueprint´´ for hemoglobin exists in
DNA.
Normally, an individual has 4 genes that code for the α
protein, or α chain.
Two other genes code for the β chain.
The α chain and the β chain are made in precisely equal
amounts, despite the differing number of genes.
The protein chains join in developing red blood cells, and
remain together for the life of the red cell.
Kinds of hemoglobin
GLYKATE HEMOGLOBIN – HbA1C
-
rises on amino acids, valine and lysine scrap
It is used as the most important parameter of compensation
diabetes
CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN
-
it is a complex of hemoglobin with carbon dioxide
with the rise of carboxyhemoglobin amount in blood the ability of
hemoglobin to bind oxygen decreases
Physical and chemical properties
Molecular mass is 66 000.
Molecule of hemoglobin has a globular form.
Hemoglobin is well soluble in a water,
concentrated solution has a blue colour.
Hemoglobin denaturates under acid or alkalic
conditions and in this case is insoluble in water.
In 5 litres of blood ¾ kilograms of hemoglobin is
found
Illnesses
Absence of hemoglobin or disturbance of his production creates
ANEMIA or HORNED ANEMIA.
INTEREST:
Molluscans have also hemoglobin. Special kind are water gasteropoda.
The other molluscan have as blood pigment HEMOCYANIN.
Well treated diabetic has the value of glycate hemoglobin up to 7%.
Velues up to 4,5% represent an excellent compensation, up to 6%
comfortable compensation.
Bad compensation exceeds 7%.
Diagram
Dictionary
Cell – buňka
Ability – schopnost
Lungs – plíce
Globular – kulovitý
Tissues – tkáně
Disturbance – porucha
Polypeptide chain – polypeptidový
řetězec
Horned anemia – srpkovitá
anémie
Scrap – zbytek
Molluscans – měkkýši
Gasteropoda – plži
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