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ASTRONOMICAL EVENTS FROM 1 FEB 07 TO 24 FEB 08 Note: The following events were compiled according to local time (Singapore). Hence, the date of the event may differ (by a day) from other international publications. ******************************************************************************************** February 2007 Date 2 - Saturn 0.9° south of Moon 3 - Regulus 1.1° south of Moon Regulus is the brightest star in the constellation of Leo, the Lion. 7 - Moon at apogee Apogee is the point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. - Mercury at greatest eastern elongation (18°) Elongation - The angular distance between the Sun and a planet, or between a planet and a satellite, as seen from Earth. - Venus 0.7° south of Uranus - Spica 1.3° north of Moon Spica is the brightest star in the constellation of Virgo, the Virgin 8 - Neptune in conjunction with Sun A conjunction occurs when two or more celestial bodies appear close together in the sky as seen from a particular viewpoint. 11 - Saturn at opposition Opposition occurs when a planet farther from the Sun than Earth, appears opposite the Sun in the sky. It is the best time to observe a planet. At this point the Sun, Earth and the planet are roughly in line and the planet will rise at about the same time that the Sun sets: the planet is thus visible virtually all night. A good example is when the Moon is Full, it could be said to be in opposition. - Antares 0.7° north of Moon Antares is the brightest star in the constellation of Scorpius, the Scorpion. - Jupiter 6° north of Moon 12 15 - Mars 4° north of Moon 18 - Mercury is 4° north of the moon 19 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is nearest to Earth. - Venus 2° south of Moon - Mercury in inferior conjunction Inferior Conjunction - A conjunction when one of the inferior planets (Mercury or Venus) appears to lie very close to the Sun, or in line with the Sun, as seen from Earth, but with the planet between Earth and the Sun. Obviously, a superior planet (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune or Pluto) cannot be at inferior conjunction! 23 ******************************************************************************************** March 2007 Date 2 - Saturn 1.1° south of Moon 4 - Total lunar eclipse. Visible from Singapore. Lunar Eclipse - The passage of the Moon through Earth's shadow. Lunar eclipses may be either total or partial. Totality may last up to one and three quarter hours although the period of totality is on average shorter. 5 - Uranus in conjunction with Sun A conjunction occurs when two or more bodies appear close together in the sky. 7 - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. 11 - Antares 0.7° north of Moon 12 - Jupiter 6° north of Moon 16 - Mars 1.9° north of Moon - Neptune 2° north of Moon 17 - Mercury 1.4° north of Moon 19 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is nearest to Earth. - Partial solar eclipse. Not visible from Singapore. Solar Eclipse - The Moon passing directly in front of the Sun as seen from a particular spot on earth, so that the Moon `covers’ the Sun. Totality may last for a little over 7 minutes under favourable conditions. Partial eclipses occur when the Sun is incompletely covered. Annular eclipses occur when the Moon is near the farthest part of its orbit and hence its apparent size is too small to totally cover the apparent size of the solar disc. In this case a bright ring of sunlight is seen around the dark body of the Moon. 21 - Venus 4° south of Moon 22 - Mercury at greatest western elongation (28°) Elongation is the apparent angular separation of an object from the Sun. 26 - Mars 1.0° south of Neptune 29 - Saturn 1.2° south of Moon 30 - Regulus 1.1° south of Moon ******************************************************************************************** April 2007 Date 2 - Mercury 1.6° south of Uranus 3 - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. 7 - Antares 0.6° north of Moon 8 - Jupiter 6° north of Moon 12 - Neptune 2° north of Moon 14 - Mars 0.5° south of Moon, occultation. An occultation is the passage of one object in front of a smaller one, temporarily obscuring all or part of the background object from view. - Uranus 1.0° south of Moon 16 - Mercury 5° south of Moon 17 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is nearest to Earth. 20 - Venus 3° south of Moon 21 - Venus 7° north of Aldebaran Aldebaran is the brightest star in the constellation of Taurus, the Bull. 23 - Lyrid meteors maximum. The Lyrids are an average meteor shower, usually producing about 20 meteors per hour at their peak. The evening crescent moon will set early allowing for an excellent viewing experience. Look for meteors radiating from the constellation of Lyra after midnight. 25 - Saturn 1.1° south of Moon 26 - Regulus 1.0° south of Moon 29 - Mars 0.7° south of Uranus 30 - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. ******************************************************************************************** May 2007 Date 3 - Mercury in superior conjunction A conjunction occurs when two or more bodies appear close together in the sky. Superior Conjunction - A conjunction when one of the inferior planets (Mercury or Venus) appears to lie very close to the Sun, or in line with the Sun, as seen from Earth, but with the planet on the far side of the Sun. 4 - Antares 0.5° north of Moon - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower. The Eta Aquarids are a light shower, usually producing about 10 meteors per hour at their peak. Unfortunately, viewing will not be good this year with the near-full moon obscuring all but the brightest meteors. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation of Aquarius. Best viewing is usually to the east after midnight. 5 - Jupiter 6° north of Moon 10 - Neptune 1.8° north of Moon 12 - Uranus 1.3° south of Moon 13 - Mars 3° south of Moon 16 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is nearest to Earth. - Mercury 7° north of Aldebaran 18 - Mercury 3° south of Moon 19 - Conjunction of Moon and Venus. The crescent moon will appear only 1 degree from the planet Venus in the evening sky. 20 - Venus 1.7° south of Moon 23 - Saturn 0.8° south of Moon - Regulus 0.7° south of Moon, occultation An occultation occurs when one object passes in front of a smaller one, temporarily obscuring all or part of the background object from view. Occultation in most of Asia, NE Europe, Greenland and NE Canada. 28 - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. 30 - Venus 4° south of Pollux One of the twins (star) in the constellation of Gemini, the Twins. The other twin (star) is Castor. 31 - Antares 0.4° north of Moon ******************************************************************************************** June 2007 Date 1 - Jupiter 6° north of Moon 2 - Mercury at greatest eastern elongation (23°) 4 - Mars at perihelion The point in Mars's orbit when it is closest to the Sun. 6 - Jupiter at opposition Opposition occurs when a body farther from the Sun than Earth appears opposite the Sun in the sky. It is the best time to observe a planet as it will be at its closest approach to Earth. Hence, this will be the best time to view and photograph Jupiter and its moons. - Neptune 1.5° north of Moon 8 - Uranus 1.6° south of Moon 9 - Venus at greatest eastern elongation Elongation is the apparent angular separation of an object from the Sun. 11 - Mars 5° south of Moon 13 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is nearest to Earth. 16 - Mercury 6° south of Moon 18 - Venus 0.6° south of Moon 19 - Pluto at opposition Opposition occurs when a body farther from the Sun than Earth appears opposite the Sun in the sky. It is the best time to observe a planet. - Saturn 0.4° south of Moon - Regulus 0.4° south of Moon 24 - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. 28 - Antares 0.5° north of Moon - Jupiter 6° north of Moon - Mercury in inferior conjunction Mercury passes between the Sun and Earth. 29 ******************************************************************************************** July 2007 Date 1 - Venus 0.8° south of Saturn. Conjunction of Venus and Saturn. Venus and Saturn will appear only 0.8 degrees from each other in the evening sky. 3 - Neptune 1.3° north of Moon 5 - Uranus 1.9° south of Moon 7 - Earth at aphelion The point in Earth's orbit when it is farthest from the Sun, at about 152 097 000 km. 9 - Mars 6° south of Moon 10 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is closest from Earth. 12 - Venus at greatest brilliancy (magnitude -4.4) and 1.7° from Regulus 13 - Mercury 9° south of Moon 16 - Venus 2° south of Regulus 17 - Saturn 0.4° north of Moon - Regulus 0.3° south of Moon - Venus 3° south of Moon 21 - Mercury at greatest western elongation (20°) 22 - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. 25 - Antares 0.6° north of Moon - Jupiter 6° north of Moon - Southern Delta Aquarids Meteor Shower. 27 The Delta Aquarids usually produce about 20 meteors per hour at their peak. The nearly full moon will be visible most of the night, obscuring all but the brightest meteors. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation of Aquarius. Best viewing is usually to the east after midnight. 30 - Neptune 1.3° north of Moon ******************************************************************************************** August 2007 Date 1 - Mercury 6° south of Pollux - Uranus 2° south of Moon 2 - Venus 6° south of Regulus 4 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is closest from Earth. 7 - Mars 6° south of Moon 13 - Perseid meteors maximum. The Perseids is one of the best meteor showers to observe, producing up to 60 meteors per hour at their peak. The moon will be completely absent this year, so this should be a spectacular show with even the faintest meteors being visible. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation of Perseus. Look to the northeast after midnight. - Moon is 0.4° south of Saturn - Moon is 8° north of Venus - Neptune at opposition Opposition occurs when a body farther from the Sun than Earth appears opposite the Sun in the sky. It is the best time to observe a planet as it will be at its closest approach to Earth. This is the best time to view Neptune, although it will only appear as a tiny blue dot in all but the most powerful telescopes. - Venus is 9° south of Saturn 14 16 - Mercury in superior conjunction 17 - Mercury is 10° north of Venus 18 - Venus in inferior conjunction - Mercury is 0.46° north of Saturn 19 - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. 21 - Saturn in conjunction with Sun - Antares 0.7° north of Moon 22 - Saturn 6° north of Moon 23 - Mars 5° north of Aldebaran 27 - Neptune 1.4° north of Moon 28 - Total lunar eclipse. Visible from Singapore. 29 - Uranus 2° south of Moon 31 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is closest to Earth. ******************************************************************************************** September 2007 Date 1 - Saturn and Regulus is 0.8° apart 4 - Mars 6° south of Moon - Venus 9° south of Moon - Uranus at opposition Opposition occurs when a body farther from the Sun than Earth appears opposite the Sun in the sky. It is the best time to observe a planet. The blue-green planet will be at its closest approach to Earth. This is the best time to view Neptune, although it will only appear as a tiny blue-green dot in all but the most powerful telescopes. 10 - Saturn 0.8° north of Moon 11 - Partial Solar Eclipse. Not visible from Singapore. 13 - Mercury 2° north of Moon 18 - Antares 0.7° north of Moon - Jupiter 6° north of Moon 22 - Mercury 0.09° north of Spica 23 - Neptune 1.4° north of Moon - Venus at greatest brilliancy (magnitude -4.5) 25 - Uranus 1.9° south of Moon 28 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is closest from Earth. - Mercury at greatest eastern elongation (26°) ******************************************************************************************** October 2007 Date 3 - Mars 5° south of Moon 7 - Venus 3° south of Moon - Regulus 0.2° south of Moon - Saturn 1.3° north of Moon - Draconid meteor shower. Meteor shower with its radiant (point of origin) in the constellation of Draco, the Dragon. - Venus 3° south of Regulus - Mercury 1.3° north of Moon - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. 8 13 14 - Venus 3° south of Saturn Conjunction of Venus and Saturn. The planets Venus and Saturn will appear only 3 degrees apart in the early morning sky. 15 - Antares 0.5° north of Moon 16 - Jupiter 5° north of Moon 20 - Neptune 1.3° north of Moon 21 - Orionid Meteor Shower maximum. The Orionids is an average shower producing about 20 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower will peak this year on the 21st, but some meteors can be seen from October 15 - 29. The evening gibbous moon may interfere with viewing faint meteors, but the brightest ones should still be visible from a dark location. Best viewing will be to the east after midnight. 22 - Uranus 1.8° south of Moon 24 - Mercury in inferior conjunction 26 - Moon at perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is closest to Earth. 29 - Venus at greatest western elongation (46°) 31 - Mars 3° south of Moon ******************************************************************************************** November 2007 Date 3 - Regulus 0.03° north of Moon Taurid Meteor Shower maximum 4 - Saturn 1.8° north of Moon 6 - Venus 3° north of Moon 8 - Mercury 7° north of Moon 9 - Mercury at greatest western elongation (19°) 11 - Antares 0.4° north of Moon 13 - Jupiter 5° north of Moon 17 - Neptune 1.0° north of Moon 18 - Leonid Meteor Shower maximum. The Leonids is one of the better meteor showers to observe, producing an average of 40 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower itself has a cyclic peak year every 33 years where hundreds of meteors can be seen each hour. The last of these occurred in 2001. The shower peaks this year on November 18, but you can see some meteors from November 13 - 20. The first quarter moon will set around midnight, so viewing in the early morning hours should be excellent this year. Even the faintest meteors should be visible from a dark location. Look for the shower radiating from the constellation Leo after midnight. 19 - Uranus 2° south of Moon 27 - Mars 1.7° south of Moon 28 - Venus 4° north of Spica 30 - Regulus 0.3° north of Moon, occultation An occultation occurs when one object passes in front of a smaller one, temporarily obscuring all or part of the background object from view. Occultation in SE Asia, NE Australia, New Zealand ******************************************************************************************** December 2007 Date 1 - Last Quarter Moon - Saturn 2° north of Moon 6 - Venus 7° north of Moon 7 - Moon at apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth. 14 - Geminid Meteor Shower maximum. Geminids Meteor Shower is considered by many to be the best meteor shower in the heavens. They are known for producing up to 60 multicolored meteors per hour at their peak. The peak night this year is December 14, although some meteors should be visible from December 6 - 19. The evening crescent moon will set early this year, allowing for an excellent viewing experience. Even the faintest meteors should be visible from a dark location. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation of Gemini. Best viewing is usually to the east after midnight. - Neptune 0.7° north of Moon 16 - Uranus 2° south of Moon 17 - Mercury in superior conjunction 18 - Mars closest approach (to earth) of the year at 88 185 000 km 23 - Jupiter in conjunction with Sun 24 - Mars at opposition The red planet face will be fully illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view and photograph the planet Mars. Opposition occurs when a planet farther from the Sun than Earth appears opposite the Sun in the sky. It is the best time to observe a planet. 27 - Regulus 0.6° north of Moon 28 - Saturn 3° north of Moon ******************************************************************************************** January 2008 Date 2 - Earth at perihelion The point in Earth's orbit when it is closest to the Sun. 3 - Quadrantid meteors 5 - Venus 7° north of Moon - Antares 0.5° north of Moon 8 - New Moon 10 - Neptune 0.4° north of Moon 12 - Uranus 3° south of Moon 15 - First Quarter Moon 19 - Mars 1.1° south of Moon 21 - Mercury at greatest eastern elongation (19°) 22 - Full Moon 24 - Regulus 0.7° north of Moon 25 - Saturn 3° north of Moon ******************************************************************************************** February 2008 Date 1 - Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter. The planets Venus and Jupiter will appear only 0.6 degrees apart in the early morning sky. 7 - New Moon. Annular Solar Eclipse. Not visible from Singapore. 21 - Full Moon. Total Lunar Eclipse. Not visible from Singapore. 24 - Saturn at Opposition. The ringed planet will be at its closest approach to Earth. This is the best time to view and photograph Saturn and its moons. ******************************************************************************************** PHASES OF THE MOON FOR 2007 NEW MOON FIRST QUARTER FULL MOON LAST QUARTER 19 Jan (Fri.) 26 Jan (Fri.) 2 Feb (Fri.) 10 Feb (Sat.) 18 Feb (Sun.) 24 Feb (Sat.) 4 Mar (Sun.) 12 Mar (Mon.) 19 Mar (Mon.) 26 Mar (Mon.) 3 Apr (Tue.) 11 Apr (Wed.) 17 Apr (Tue.) 24 Apr (Tue.) 2 May (Wed.) 10 May (Thu.) 17 May (Thu.) 24 May (Thu.) 1 Jun (Fri.) 8 Jun (Fri.) 15 Jun (Fri.) 22 Jun (Fri.) 30 Jun (Sat.) 8 Jul (Sun.) 14 Jul (Sat.) 22 Jul (Sun.) 30 Jul (Mon.) 6 Aug (Mon.) 13 Aug (Mon.) 21 Aug (Tue.) 28 Aug (Tue.) 4 Sep (Tue.) 11 Sep (Tue.) 20 Sep (Thu.) 27 Sep (Thu.) 3 Oct (Wed.) 11 Oct (Thu.) 19 Oct (Fri.) 26 Oct (Fri.) 2 Nov (Fri.) 10 Nov (Sat.) 18 Nov (Sun.) 24 Nov (Sat.) 1 Dec (Sat.) 10 Dec (Mon.) 17 Dec (Mon.) 24 Dec (Mon.) 31 Dec (Mon.) ******************************************************************************************** ECLIPSES IN 2007 During 2007 there will be 4 eclipses - 2 total lunar eclipses; and 2 partial solar eclipses. 1. 4 Mar 07 - TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE The eclipse commences at 0530 hrs and ends at 0912 hrs. Totality lasts from 0644 hrs to 0758 hrs. Greatest eclipse will be at 0721hrs. The eclipse will be visible from Singapore and most of the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia. CONTACT ECLIPSE EVENT SINGAPORE TIME P1 U1 U2 GE U3 U4 P4 Moon enters Penumbra Moon enters Umbra Moon completely in Umbra Greatest Eclipse Moon exits Umbra Moon clear of Umbra Moon exits Penumbra 04h 18m 11s 05h 30m 22s 06h 44m 13s 07h 20m 56s 07h 57m 37s 09h 11m 28s 10h 23m 44s UT 2. 19 Mar 07 - PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE The eclipse starts at 0838 hrs and ends at 1225 hrs. At the time (1032 hrs) of maximum eclipse, about 87% of the Sun will be obscured. This partial eclipse of the Sun will not be visible from Singapore although it would be visible from central and east Asia with maximum eclipse visible from central Asia after sunrise. CONTACT P1 GE P4 3. ECLIPSE EVENT Moon starts to occult solar disc Greatest eclipse Moon stops occulting solar disc 28 AUG 07 - SINGAPORE TIME 08h 38m 25s 10h 31m 56s 12h 25m 00s TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE The eclipse will be visible from Singapore and most of the Pacific Ocean, Eastern Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and Alaska. The eclipse commences at 1651 hrs and ends at 2024 hrs. Totality lasts from 1752 hrs to 1923 hrs. Greatest eclipse will be at 1837 hrs. During this event the Moon passes a little closer to the centre of Earth's shadow and so may appear darker than the eclipse of 3 Mar 07. CONTACT P1 U1 U2 GE U3 U4 P4 4. ECLIPSE EVENT Moon enters Penumbra Moon enters Umbra Moon completely in Umbra Greatest Eclipse Moon exits Umbra Moon clear of Umbra Moon exits Penumbra 11 SEP 07 - SINGAPORE TIME 15h 53m 38s 16h 51m 16s 17h 52m 22s 18h 37m 22s 19h 22m 24s 20h 23m 30s 21h 21m 01s PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE The eclipse will not be visible from Singapore although it would be visible from South America, part of Antarctica, with maximum eclipse visible from the ocean between Cape Horn and the Antarctic peninsula. The eclipse starts at 1826 hrs and ends at 2236 hrs. At the time (2031 hrs) of maximum eclipse, about 75% of the Sun will be obscured. CONTACT P1 GE P4 ECLIPSE EVENT Moon starts to occult solar disc Greatest eclipse Moon stops occulting solar disc SINGAPORE TIME 18h 25m 45s 20h 31m 21s 22h 36m 33s