Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Third Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Savoyard crusade wikipedia , lookup
Second Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Fourth Crusade wikipedia , lookup
History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem wikipedia , lookup
First Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Barons' Crusade wikipedia , lookup
1.3 Why did the Crusades occur and how did they impact Europe? CLASSWORK (part 1): Please read and annotate the three paragraphs below. In the 1050s, Seljuk Turks, who were Muslims, invaded the Byzantine Empire and conquered Palestine, known to the Christians as the Holy Land. Christians referred to this area as the Holy Land because it was where Jesus had lived and taught. Muslims and Jews also considered the land holy. The leader of the Byzantine Empire, Alexius I, asked the pope for help in defeating the Turks. Under the leadership of Pope Urban II, the Catholic Church called for a movement to drive the Muslims out of Palestine. The pope believed that the Crusades would increase his power in Europe. Christians who answered the pope’s call were known as crusaders. Men and women from all over Western Europe left their homes to reclaim the Holy Land. Many never returned. There were other secular reasons for the Crusades as well. Nobles hoped to gain wealth and land by participating in the Crusades. Adventurers saw the Crusades as a chance for travel and excitement. Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression by fighting in the Crusades. For nearly 200 years, Christians fought a series of religious wars known as the Crusades. Only the first of four Crusades came close to achieving its goals. In 1099, Christians captured the city of Jerusalem during the First Crusade. In the late 1100s, Muslim leader Saladin united the Muslim world. Saladin and his army took control of Jerusalem. Later Crusades also resulted in failure for the Christians. The Crusades left a legacy of ill will and distrust between Christians and Muslims. However, the Crusades had other effects as well. Trade increased, and the European economy expanded. The Crusades increased the power of monarchs, who had gained the right to increase taxes in order to support fighting. At the same time, the institution of feudalism was weakening. Traditionally, lords had required grain or labor from their serfs. Now, needing money to finance the Crusades, they began to ask for payment of rent in money. Feudalism was weakened, and an economy based on money, not land, took hold. Europeans also benefited from the learning and cultural achievements of Islam in the fields of mathematics, science, literature, art, and geographical knowledge. CLASSWORK (part 2): On a separate sheet of paper, please write down the focus question. Then, answer the following questions in complete sentences IN YOUR OWN WORDS. 1. What caused the Crusades? 2. What were the reasons why people became crusaders? 3. What was the outcome of the Crusades? 4. How did the Crusades impact Europe? 5. Do you think that the overall impact of the Crusades was positive or negative? Explain your answer. HOMEWORK: Use SOAPSTone to analyze the document below. Pope Urban II’s Crusade Speech Pope Urban II assisted Emperor Alexius I in launching the first crusade. He made one of the most influential speeches in the Middle Ages, calling on Christian princes in Europe to go on a crusade to rescue the Holy Land from the Turks. In the speech given at the Council of Clermont in France, on November 27, 1095, he combined the ideas of making a pilgrimage to the Holy Land with that of waging a holy war against infidels. "The noble race of Franks must come to the aid of their fellow Christians in the East. The infidel Turks are advancing into the heart of Eastern Christendom; Christians are being oppressed and attacked; churches and holy places are being defiled. Jerusalem is groaning under the Saracen yoke. The Holy Sepulchre is in Moslem hands and has been turned into a mosque. Pilgrims are harassed and even prevented from access to the Holy Land. The West must march to the defense of the East. All should go, rich and poor alike. The Franks must stop their internal wars and squabbles. Let them go instead against the infidel and fight a righteous war. God himself will lead them, for they will be doing His work. There will be absolution and remission of sins for all who die in the service of Christ. Here they are poor and miserable sinners; there they will be rich and happy. Let none hesitate; they must march next summer. God wills it!” SOAPSTone Speaker Who is the speaker, or author, of the document? Include information about the speaker beyond just a name. Occasion What is the short-term occasion of this document? What is the long-term occasion? Audience Who is the audience for this document? Purpose What is the purpose of this document? Subject What is the subject of this document? Tone What is the tone of the document?