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Name_______________________________________________Date_____________________________Period________
Overview
 The __________________________ - were a series of several military campaigns usually sanctioned by the pope
that took place during the 11th through 13th centuries.
 At first, they were __________________________ __________________________ Holy Wars to recapture
__________________________ and the Holy land from __________________________
 Some Crusades were directed against other Europeans
 the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople, which attacked the trade rivals of Italy
 Timeline
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1st Crusade - 1096
2nd Crusade – 1146 to 1149
3rd Crusade – 1189 to 1192
4th Crusade - 1202
Albigensian Crusade - 1209
Children’s Crusade - 1212
5th Crusade - 1215
6th Crusade - 1228
7th Crusade - 1243
8th Crusade - 1270
9th Crusade – 1271
1st Crusade
 __________________________ emperor called for help with defending his empire against the
__________________________ (__________________________) Turks, in 1095
 Pope Urban II called upon all __________________________ to join a war against the Turks at the Council of
Clermont in France
 Crusader armies marched to Jerusalem sacked several cities on their way.
 In 1099, they took Jerusalem back from the Muslims and massacred the population of
______________________ and __________________________ there.
2nd Crusade
 The __________________________ easily defeated the Europeans because:
 Jealousy and quarreling between Christian crusaders
 Muslims were uniting under a ruler named __________________________
 This action triggered the Third Crusade, which was also a failure for Christians.
The 3rd Crusade
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__________________________ recaptured by Saladin
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Called by Pope __________________________ VIII and led by Europe's most important leaders:
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Philip II of France: (left after capturing one city)
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Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (Drowned)
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__________________________ I England “Richard the __________________________ Heart ”
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Richard made a __________________________ with Saladin so Christians could visit the holy land
The 3rd Crusade
 Throughout the 1200s, __________________________continued to organize crusades. They made few gains.
 By the end of the century, the __________________________ had regained all the land conquered by the
crusaders.
Historical Changes
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Lords sold lands to pay for crusades
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Many nobles died during crusades
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Land and power began to be centralized increasing the power of kings
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Decline of __________________________
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Goods and ideas were exchanged with Muslims
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__________________________ grew rich trading these goods
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By the end of the century __________________________ had regained all the land conquered during the
Crusades.
The Effects of the Crusade
 The Crusades brought __________________________ Europeans into contact with
__________________________ and __________________________
 As a result, Western Europeans gained new knowledge
 In architecture, they learned how to build __________________________ and create mosaics
 Discovered how to build better __________________________ and make more accurate maps
 Learned how to use the __________________________ for direction
 Wealthy people in Western Europe began to demand eastern goods such as __________________________,
sugar, lemons, and __________________________
 The Crusades, however, weakened feudalism
 Nobles who joined the Crusades sold their lands and freed their serfs; this reduced their power
 Kings were able to build __________________________ central governments