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Name _____________________________________ Date____________ Human Body Test Study Guide: Friday May 6, 2016 Will Cover: Homeostasis, Skeletal, Muscular, Respiratory, and Circulatory, and a sample of Digestive Systems Materials to study: levels of organization notes, bone notes, bone lab, muscle notes, VLC lab, HW readings, resp sys notes, circulatory sys notes, digestive sys notes, textbook, directed reading questions, vocabulary Format is: multiple choice questions, fill in, short answer Homeostasis 1. What is homeostasis?_______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Levels of Organization (_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________) 3. Skeletal System : Explain each of the 5 jobs of the skeleton system? a. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ d. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ e. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is a joint?_______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What cushions the ends of bones? _________________________________________________________ 6. Label each of the bones in the skeleton: 7. Label each type of joint in the skeleton: Match the 5 kinds of joints with their appropriate function 1. ________ Pivot a. Allows little to no movement 2. _______ fixed b. Glides, allows flexibility 3. ________ ball and socket c. Allows up and down, side to side, open/close movement 4. ________ gliding d. Rotates in circular motion 5. ________ Hinge e. 360° turns, full movement; allows for greatest motion 8. Type of Connective Tissue Ligament Function Location Tendon 9. Type of Bone Tissue Spongy Function Compact Muscular System 10. What are flexor and extensor muscles? Name an example of where you would find each. Flexor- __________________________________________________________________________________ Extensor - __________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Identify the muscles in your arm that allow it to bend and straighten?____________________________________ 12. Type of Muscle Tissue: Voluntary or Involuntary Location in body Respiratory System 13. What is the difference between respiration and cellular respiration? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. List the pathway of oxygen as it travels through the respiratory system on its way to your blood. 15. What happens to oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli? ___________________________________________ 16. Which muscle controls how you breathe in and out? How does it work? 17. Match the following terms to their correct definition. 1. _____. Process of using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide and water a. breathing 2. _____. Inhalation and exhalation b. larynx 3. _____. Area of the throat that contains the vocal chords c. nose 4. _____. Group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide d. pharynx 5. _____. Main passage into and out of the respiratory system e. respiration 6. _____. Throat f. respiratory system 7. ___ _. Use of oxygen by cells to release energy stored in food g. alveoli 8. _____. Tube guarded by the larynx, carries oxygen to the lungs h. bronchioles 9. _____. Tube that connects the trachea to the lungs i. bronchus/bronchi 10. _____. Smaller branches of the bronchi in the lungs j. cellular respiration 11. _____. Tiny sacs at the ends of the bronchi k. trachea Circulatory System 18. List and explain the 5 jobs of the circulatory system (2 points each) a. _____________________________________________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________________________________________ c. _____________________________________________________________________________ d. _____________________________________________________________________________ e. _____________________________________________________________________________ 19. How are the circulatory system and respiratory system connected? (Hint: think about oxygen) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. What make pulmonary circulation different from systemic circulation? 21. Match the components of blood with their function 1. ________ Platelets a. contains hemoglobin to transport oxygen to cells 2. ________Red Blood cells b. Part of the body’s immune system; destroys pathogens 3. ________ White blood cells c. carries digested food and waste throughout the body 4. ________ Plasma d. Creates blood clots using chemical fibrin to stop bleeding Diagrams: 22. Label the 4 Chambers of the Heart on the Diagram below and draw arrows to show the pathway of O₂ and CO₂. 23. Type of Blood Vessel Artery Direction of Flow Carries O₂ or CO₂ Function Vein Capillary Digestive System 24. What is happening during digestion? (why do we need to digest food?) 25. Compare and contrast mechanical and chemical digestion. 26. What is the pathway of food through the digestive system? 27. What is the function of the stomach? 28. What is the function of bile? 29. What are villi and why are they so important? 30. Why do people become dehydrated when they have a foodborne illness?