Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chord (music) wikipedia , lookup
Musical analysis wikipedia , lookup
Circle of fifths wikipedia , lookup
Schenkerian analysis wikipedia , lookup
Figured bass wikipedia , lookup
Strähle construction wikipedia , lookup
Time signature wikipedia , lookup
Consonance and dissonance wikipedia , lookup
The Elements of Music • Music is organized sound • Sound and silences are shaped and profiled as they move through time Basic Elements • Rhythm - durations organized in patterns • Melody - pitches placed one after the other in a purposeful way • Harmony - More than one pitch sounding at the same time • The arrangement of these building blocks determines the color, texture, and form of every musical composition. Musical Notation • • • • Vertical = pitch Horizontal = rhythm Black = fast White = slow *** not necessary to read music, but enjoyment can be heightened if you understand how notation works Rhythm • Arguably the most fundamental element of music • Direct, even physical response Definition = Organization of time in music. • Divides long spans of time into smaller units • Gives shape or profile to a melody Beat • Even pulse that divides the passing time into equal segments • Can be weak or strong Notes Whole half 1/4 1/8 1/16 Rests Whole half 1/4 1/8 1/16 Meter • Gather beats into regular groupings • Measure = group of beats • First beat in a measure is stressed (downbeat) • Time Signature = tells the performer how beats are grouped Melody • Series of notes arranged in order to form a recognizable unit • Aesthetic theory/nuts & bolts Pitch • Relative position, high or low, of a musical sound • Building blocks like words in a sentence • Humans can hear many variations in pitch • In music we take the spectrum and divide it into equal units Notating Melodies • Staff • Clef • Accidentals Tonality, Keys, Scales • Define the tonal center of the piece (C Major, d minor) • Tonic note = central pitch Scale • Arrangement of pitches that ascends and descends in a fixed, unvarying pattern • Major = w, w, h, w, w, w, h • Minor = w, h, w, w, h, w, w • Melody provides lyrical voice • Rhythm gives vitality and definition • Harmony adds depth and richness Harmony • Different meanings: – Traditional – Musical = sounds that supply support and enrichment to the melody – Harmony in the sense of chord changes, changing harmony *** melody is usually closely bound to and grows out of harmony Building Harmony • Chord = group of two or more pitches sounded at the same time • Triad = most common chord • Dissonance = pitches sounding disagreeable or unstable. Produces tension. • Consonance = pitches sounding agreeable or stable. Sense of rest, stability. Musical Color and Texture Dynamics • Levels of volume at which sounds are produced • Notated in Italian: Soft <--------------------------------------->Loud pianissmo pp piano p mezzopiano / mezzoforte forte mp mf f fortissimo ff • Sforzando = sudden, loud attack on one note or chord • Crescendo/decrescendo = gradual changes in dynamic level Texture • Monophony - one single line of music • Polyphony - two on more independent lines in musical fabric • Homophony = not independent, but interdependent. • Key Signature = pre-placed sharps/flats • Modulation = change from one key to another