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Download Evidence of the Big Bang and Structure of the Universe
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Unit 3 Astronomy Each element and type of star has a unique pattern of color in a spectroscope Spectroscope: An instrument that separates light into its component colors- similar to what a prism does to light Red-shift: movement of spectral (“rainbow”) lines of distant stars toward the red end of the spectrum (“rainbow”); AKA: Doppler shift Evidence that distant galaxies are moving away from us The more distant the galaxy, the greater the red shift Sample Regents Question In the diagram below, the spectral lines of hydrogen gas from three galaxies, A, B, and C, are compared to the spectral lines of hydrogen gas observed in a laboratory. A) Galaxy B is moving away from Earth, but galaxies A and C are moving toward Earth. B) Galaxy A is moving away from Earth, but galaxies B and C are moving toward Earth. C) Galaxies A, B, and C are all moving away from Earth. D) Galaxies A, B, and C are all moving toward Earth. Other Proofs Can still hear the sound of the original Big Bang using sensitive receivers The use of the Hubble Space Telescope and other instruments have led to the predicted age of the universe: 13.7 billion years Size of the Universe- FYI (do not write) Light-year: the distance light can travel in 1 year, which is about 6 trillion kilometers It is assumed that no object or energy can travel faster than light Light could circle the Earth 7 times in 1 second The universe is thought to be about 25 billion light-years in diameter The Future Some astronomers think the universe will keep expanding forever Others think that gravity will eventually cause the collapse of the universe in a big crunch Recent observations have led to the belief that the universe is expanding at an increasing rate Unit 3- Astronomy Structure of the Universe The universe includes everything we know and don’t know Galaxy Galaxy- includes billions of stars and various amounts of gas and dust Each galaxy will have over 100 billion stars, and there are billions of galaxies Type of galaxy is based on shape: elliptical (football-shaped), irregular, and spiral The Milky Way galaxy is a spiral galaxy, which has over 200 billion stars Along with the Earth rotating on its axis and revolving around the sun, the Earth is also revolving around the center of the Milky Way galaxy Period of Revolution Around the Milky Way: 220 million years Neighbor: Andromeda Galaxy Takes 2 million years for the light from Andromeda to reach us Andromeda is one of about 30 galaxies in our local group Solar System Solar System- includes a star (like the Sun) and those celestial objects bound to it by gravity SAMPLE REGENTS QUESTION In which one of the following lists are celestial features correctly shown in order of increasing size? A) universe -> galaxy -> solar system -> planet B) galaxy -> solar system -> universe -> planet C) planet -> solar system -> galaxy -> universe D) solar system ->galaxy -> planet ->universe DON’T FORGET UGSS! Universe (largest/oldest) Galaxy Solar System (smallest/youngest)