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Section 3
The Punic
Wars
264 B. C. – Romans had conquered
some Greek city-states…
This brought
them closer to
Phoenician
city of
Carthage
Carthage
Rome
Ptolomies
Carthage controlled most of
North and West Africa
Carthage also controlled Spain
Carthage also controlled some
Greek Islands and Sicily
Romans felt
threatened and
wanted Sicily’s
granaries
The First
Punic War
First Punic War
•264 B.C. – 241 B.C.
•Carthage had strong
navy
•Rome had no navy (at
first)
•Rome had a strong army
Romans had to
build a fleet!
Building a Roman Navy
•Romans modeled their
ships after Carthaginian
ships
•Made improvements
•Corvus
Corvus
•movable bridge on the
front of the ship
•Soldiers could board
enemy ships
•Changed a sea battle
into a land battle
Results of First Punic War
•Both Rome and Carthage
suffered great loses (men,
ships, financial)
•Rome was declared winner
•241 B.C. – peace terms were
decided
Mediterranean was
divided by an
imaginary line
Everything north of the line
was signed over to Rome
(including Sicily)
This was also the
beginning of
Rome’s Navy!
Mediterranean World Before
Second Punic War
Second Punic
War
Second Punic War
• 218 B.C. –202 B.C.
• Carthage under Hannibal’s
command began expanding
empire to Hispania (Spain)
• Rome wanted Hannibal handed
over to them; senate refused
• Rome declared war on Carthage
Hannibal Barca
• Father was Hamilcar Barca
• It is believed that Hannibal’s father
made him swear to never befriend
the Romans
• Hannibal was elected in 221 B.C.
• Thought to be one of the greatest
military leaders in history
Hannibal’s Invasion
• Moved through Spain and over
Swiss alps into Italy with 40,000
men, supplies and 37 “war
elephants”
• Suffered heavy losses
• Arrived with 26,000 men and 3
elephants
• Surprised Roman army by land in
the north
Hannibal’s
Routes
Hannibal’s Success / Failure
•Won victory after victory
•Marched to gates of Rome
but could not proceed
•Could not get supplies
because Rome controlled
sea
Destruction by Hannibal
•Hannibal and troops
roamed Roman
countryside for 15 years
•Raided & burned towns
•Destroyed crops
Cannae
Cannae – 216 B.C.
• Rome – 100,000 soldiers
• Hannibal – 70,000 soldiers
• Hannibal defeated Romans
• Only 16,000 Roman soldiers
survived
Romans attacked
Carthage
•Hannibal was called
home to protect
Carthage
•He was defeated at
town of Zama
http://www.geocities.co
m/i_s_s_alpha/Battle_Ani
mations.htm
Results of Second
Punic War
• 201 B.C.
• Carthage agreed to pay
Rome a large sum of money
• Agreed to give up territories,
including Spain (and Spain’s
resources)
Third Punic
War
Third Punic War
• There was a peace for about
50 years
• 149 B.C. – 146 B.C.
• Carthage showed signs of
regaining power
• Romans attacked Carthage
Roman Invasion
•Burned Carthage
•Plowed salt into fields
•Killed Carthaginians or
sold them into slavery
Other Roman
Invasions
•Attacked Corinth
•Already controlled
Macedonia and Syria
•Greece now under
Roman control
Rome was now
leading power of
Mediterranean
World!