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Klein FFA Invitational 2016 Nursery/Landscape Quiz Do not write on this exam. Answer keys will be available at the conclusion of the contest. 1. Two basic types of pruning are heading-back and thinningout. Which of the following is true about these pruning methods? A. Heading cuts remove a portion of the stem and only terminal buds are left. B. Thinning cuts leave behind a good portion of the stem and many axillary buds. C. Heading cuts usually remove entire branches and leave no buds. D. Thinning cuts are made close to a main branch or ground and few axillary buds are left. 2. In plants, ________ is the process of converting stored energy into energy for plant growth. A. Respiration B. Transpiration C. Pollination D. Photosynthesis 3. Which LD-50 rating listed is the most potentially lethal to a human, based on animal studies? A. 84 B. 945 C. 1750 D. 10,000 4. Plant diseases caused by rain splashed microorganisms from the ground can be reduced by __. A. removing all mulch from around and underneath the plant B. removing all mulch outside the drip line C. applying mulch around and underneath plants D. using only clean topsoil as backfill 5. In most plants, a hormone called auxin is produced by the terminal bu It moves downward into the shoot and inhibits the growth and development of lateral buds. This is called: A. Apical dominance B. Lateral dominance C. Terminal bud inhibition D. The apex auxin complex 6. Blue spots along the cutting edge of a rotary mower blade after sharpening indicate that _______. A. the blade was made of inferior metal B. the metal was distorted during sharpening C. the blade was overheated during sharpening D. there are dull spots remaining on the blade 7. A pencil lead that is soft, prints well, erases easily, and tends to smear easily is . A. F B. 9H C. 2H D. 3B 8. To preserve the germination ability of most seeds, store them in a: A. Warm, dry environment B. Cool environment after scarification C. Cool, dry environment D. Warm, moist environment after stratification 9. When trying to save trees on a construction site, cut and fill under the drip line of the trees should be limited to a depth of inches. A. 6 B. 8 C. 0 (Never cut or fill under the drip line of trees.) D. 18 10. Which of the following is important in producing a uniform size and quality container grown nursery crop? A. Use the same soil mix for the entire crop B. Leave a uniform water space at the top of each pot C. Tamp the soil to the same degree of firmness in each pot D. All of the above 11. The terms triploid, diploid and haploid refer to the ____________. A. number of bud breaks expected after pruning B. number of chromosomes C. formation of leaves D. number of flowers per stem 12. The thick portion of a seed that contain the tissue used as food by the seedling in its early growth is the: A. Gymnosperm B. Monoecious C. Endosperm D. Dioecious 13. Water availability, temperature extremes, and __________should be considered when selecting trees for the landscape. A. Buildings present B. Slope C. Soil type D. Topography 14. A transplanted tree or shrub should be set into the ground: A. At the same depth at which it was originally growing B. 50 percent deeper than it was originally planted C. So that the top roots are exposed to the air D. With the top of the container slightly covered 15. The optimum germination temperature for most bedding plant seeds is: A. 60 to 65ºF B. 50 to 55ºF C. 75 to 85ºF D. 65 to 75ºF 16. Which of the following is the proper recommendation for pruning trees at planting: A. B. Trees should be cut back to at least one-half their size to prevent stress on root systems B. Trees should not be pruned until the third year after planting C. Trees should not be pruned at all – the latest trend is to let them develop naturally D. Pruning should be limited to shaping the plant by removing dead or damaged limbs 17. When planting a bare-rooted tree, the tree should be planted: A. C. At 6 inches below the original soil level B. Directly even with the original soil level C. At 2 inches above the original soil level D. at 6 inches above the original soil level 18. A plant that produces flowers that have either stamens or pistils, but not both on the same plant is called: A. Staminate B. Angiosperm C. Monecious D. Dioecious 19. The synthetic growth regulator, Indole -3-butyric Acid (IBA), is used in the nursery trade as a ___. A. foliage preservative B. rooting hormone C. surfactant D. insect control 20. The soil pH level primarily controls: A. Soil temperature B. Availability of essential plant nutrients C. Moisture absorption by roots D. Activity of soil-borne diseases 21. A friable soil is one that: A. Is rich in N, P, and K B. Is loose and of good structure and texture C. Is high in clay particles D. Requires humus and fertilizer to be productive 22. A major advantage for producing nursery stock in containers is that it: A. Is less expensive than growing in nursery fields B. Allows for transplanting any time during the growing season C. Requires less water and fertilization than field-grown crops D. Requires less labor than field-grown crop 23. The process in which water, grass seed, fertilizer, cellulose fiber and a glue type material are mixed together and sprayed onto the soil to establish turf is called _______________. A. hydroseeding B. pressure spray C. seed injection D. top dressing 24. When mowing Bermuda grass lawns, what is the general range for the proper height of cut? A. 5 inches B. 4 inches C. 3 to 4 inches D. 1.5 to 2.5 inches 25. The Oak Leaf Nursery advertised a group of trees with a trunk caliper of 3 inches. In the trade, it is assumed that this measurement was taken: A. 18 inches above ground level B. At breast height (4½ feet above the rootball) C. At the base of the rootball D. 6 inches above ground level 26. Soil around the foundation of a house is often more alkaline than surrounding soil due to which of the following? A. Leaching from the masonry mortar on the home and masonry debris from construction B. Leaching from the home’s paint C. Decaying wood scraps that were buried around the foundation during construction D. Chemicals applied to prevent termites 27. When installing a landscape, which step (from the following list) should be completed LAST? A. Add amendments to the soil B. Install the drainage system C. Plant the trees and shrubs D. Build retaining walls and garden walkways 28. An “x” in the botanical name of a plant means the plant: A. B. Comes true to type from seed and vegetative propagation B. Is a true hybrid C. Comes true to type from only seed propagation D. Has been grafted 29. What is the function of the axillary bud on the stem? A. To provide food storage B. To aid in seed dispersal C. To help heal wounds of the plant D. To produce a new leaf or stem 37. Which of the following is microscopic? A. Thrips B. Nematodes C. Spider mites D. Aphids 30. Which signal word for pesticide labels indicates the lowest level of toxicity? A. Caution B. Danger C. Warning D. Careful 38. When mowing turf, it is recommended that no more than ______ of the leaf blade be removed at each cutting. A. one third B. one half C. two thirds D. one eighth 31. One function of the stomates is to: A. Prevent disease B. Give off water vapor C. Photosynthesize D. Produce pollen 32. Which of the following is the best definition of an F1 hybrid? A. B. a plant that is genetically superior to all other cultivars B. a plant that is genetically inferior to all other cultivars C. the first generation of seedlings from genetically different parents D. the first cross between the offspring of A,B, C, D and E generations 33. Joe’s landscaping pays rent, legal fees, utilities and insurance, all of which are classified as ____ A. overhead costs B. variable costs C. marginal costs D. contingency costs 34. Food produced in the leaves moves to other parts of a plant through the ___________ . A. Xylem A. Phloem B. Veins C. Arteries 35. The best time to spray a glyphosate is: A. Just before a rain B. When weed growth is mature C. Just before weed seeds germinate D. When weeds are in active growth 36. Trees are fertilized with granular fertilizer by spreading it within _______. A. a four foot radius of the trunk B. the drip line C. the drip line and at least ten feet beyond the drip line D. a 30 foot radius of the trunk 39. The loss of water in the form of vapor from the surface of plant leaves is referred to as: A. Respiration B. Oxidation C. Transpiration D. Condensation 40. When planting B&B plants: A. The burlap should be completely removed from the ball B. The burlap should be pulled up and tied securely to the trunk for protection C. The burlap should be allowed to dry completely before planting 24 D. The tie string should be cut from the trunk of the plant 41. Soft pencil leads are indicated by the letter __________ . A. H B. H1 C. B D. F 42. All other things being equal, which diameter of pipe or combination of pipes will carry the most water? A. One 2 inch pipe B. Three 1 inch pipes C. Five ½ inch pipes D. Four ¾ inch pipes 43. The ideal soil is composed of_________________. A. 25% water, 25% air and 50% solid material B. 25% solid material, 25% air and 50% water C. 25% solid material, 25% water and 50% air D. 25% air, 25% nutrients and 50% water 40 44. Paul had 400 containers of mature Salvia to wholesale to a landscaper. His cost of producing the plants, including labor, was $832. If he adds 30% to the cost of production as his profit, how much will he charge the landscaper per container? A. $4.81 B. $2.14 C. $0.27 D. $2.70 45. For maximum effectiveness, mulches should be applied about _____ deep. A. 1 inch B. 3-4 inches C. 8-10 inches D. 10-12 inches 46. One of the best ways to speed up the rooting process of cuttings is to: A. Keep the soil cool and the foliage warm B. Harden them off by laying them out to dry a few days before sticking C. Always take cuttings after mid-day D. Provide bottom heat 47. Which type of insecticide would be most effective against sucking-type insects? A. Contact B. Dust C. Systemic D. Aerosol 48. Plants need _____ essential elements for proper growth and development. A. 3 B. 8 C. 16 D. 32 49. Flowering plants that are tetraploid have reduced maintenance costs because of the reduced need to ________________. A. dead head B. water C. fertilize D. spray for insects 50. Who is responsible for establishing the binomial system for naming plants? A. B. C. D. Bernuli Aristotle Linnaeus Weinberg Key – Nursery/Landscape Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. D A A C A C D C C D C C C A C D B D B B B B A D D 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. A C B D A B C A A D B B A C D C A A D B D C C A C