Download Leaves are simple, alternate, nearly round in outline, 2 to 3 inches in

Tree 47
Of all the native trees in North America, this tree has the greatest distribution. In grows from northern
Alaska to Labrador and south into Mexico. It thrives on a wide variety of sites, from shallow rocky or clay
soils to rich, sandy soils. The best growth occurs on soils which are rich and porous, often where lime or
limestone is present. In Iowa, this tree is very common in eastern Iowa and found locally in southern and
western Iowa along the major river valleys. Because of intensive competition from other species in Iowa,
it is most common on dry, upland soils.
Leaves are simple, alternate,
nearly round in outline, 2 to 3
inches in diameter with a
flattened petiole 2 to 3 inches
long. The leaf is broadest near
the base, has a short pointed
tip and is finely toothed along
the margin. Winter buds are
1/4 to 1/2 inch long, closely appressed to the twig, each with its lowest bud scale directly lined
up with the leaf scar. The bud is shiny dark brown in color and slightly sticky. The bark on young
trees is thin, pale-green to creamy white; on older trees it becomes thick, roughened by warty
bands, divided into flattened ridges and almost black in color. Twigs are slender, orange to dark
brown, with half-round leaf scars with three bundle scars.
This tree is a short lived (50 years), fast growing, medium-sized tree. It seldom exceeds 60 feet
in height and 20 inches in diameter. It has some good ornamental characteristics including
trembling leaves, light-colored bark and its adaptation to a wide variety of sites, but its root
sprouting habit discourages widespread use for shade or ornamental planting. This tree does
play a very significant role in the lives of many other organisms. Throughout its range, more
than 500 species of animals and plants utilize this tree. These trees are important browse for
many game animals and the seed, buds and catkins are utilized by many birds including quail
and grouse.