Download Molecules in Digestion

Molecules in Digestion
7.6C
The student is expected to recognize
that large molecules are broken
down into smaller molecules such as
carbohydrates being broken down
into sugars.
Molecule
• A molecule is formed when 2 or more atoms
join together.
CO2
• Molecules can consist of 2 or more atoms
from the same (N2, O2) or different elements.
Large Molecules
• Large molecules are made of chains of smaller
units.
• These large molecules are called polymers.
“Poly” means many.
Smaller Molecules
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sg
WgLioazSo
• Smaller molecules are joined to make chains,
or polymers.
• These smaller units are called monomers.
“Mono” means 1.
Digestion of Large Molecules
• Our digestive system creates and uses
digestive juices to break down polymers into
monomers. These smaller units can be
absorbed and used by the body.
• What are some of the polymers that the body
breaks down?
Organic Polymers
• We consume carbohydrates (starch), proteins,
and lipids (fats), but we must chemically
break these large molecules down into smaller
molecules during digestion.
Polymers
• Carbohydrates
(Starch)
Amylase is the enzyme that
chemically breaks down starch
Into sugar.
Monomers
simple sugars
(like glucose)
Polymers
• Lipids
Monomers
Fatty Acids
Lipase is the enzyme that
changes lipids into fatty
acids.
(fats)
Polymers
• Proteins
Monomers
Amino Acids
Protease
Monomers
Polymers
• Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acid is the building block of DNA and
RNA, which makes up our genetic material.
Anabolic Process
• Anabolic processes construct or build large
molecules. This may result in growth of
muscle or bone.
This person may have
taken anabolic steroids,
which are hormones that
facilitate the anabolic
process.
Monomers
Polymers
Catabolic Processes
• Catabolic processes break down large
molecules into smaller molecules.
What are some examples
Of catabolism that we have
discussed today?
Fundamental Questions
• What is a molecule?
• What does our body do with the large
molecules we consume?
Fundamental questions
• When an organism consumes a carbohydrate,
what molecules do carbohydrates become
during digestion?
Fundamental Questions
• When an organism consumes a protein, what
molecules do proteins become during
digestion?
• When an organism consumes a lipid (fat),
what molecules do lipids become during
digestion?
Digestion Video
• Where are proteins digested, and what are they broken
down into?
• Where are carbohydrates digested, and what are they
broken down into?
• Where are fats digested, and what are they broken down
into?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmcLCpXVTrY
Digestion video
• Where are the nutrients absorbed into the
bloodstream?
• Why must the larger molecules be broken
down?
Key Concepts Summarized
• Key Concept 1: A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join
together. Molecules can consist of two or more atoms of the same
element or from more than one type of element.
• Key Concept 2: Large molecules are made of chains of smaller units.
• Key Concept 3: Our bodies take larger molecules (polymers) and break
them down through chemical changes during digestion to create smaller
molecules (monomers) that can be absorbed by the body.
• Key Concept 4: Carbohydrate chains are broken into simple sugars.
• Key Concept 5: Protein chains are broken into amino acids.
• Key Concept 6: Lipid chains (fats) are broken into fatty acids.