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Molecules in Digestion 7.6C The student is expected to recognize that large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules such as carbohydrates being broken down into sugars. Molecule • A molecule is formed when 2 or more atoms join together. CO2 • Molecules can consist of 2 or more atoms from the same (N2, O2) or different elements. Large Molecules • Large molecules are made of chains of smaller units. • These large molecules are called polymers. “Poly” means many. Smaller Molecules http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sg WgLioazSo • Smaller molecules are joined to make chains, or polymers. • These smaller units are called monomers. “Mono” means 1. Digestion of Large Molecules • Our digestive system creates and uses digestive juices to break down polymers into monomers. These smaller units can be absorbed and used by the body. • What are some of the polymers that the body breaks down? Organic Polymers • We consume carbohydrates (starch), proteins, and lipids (fats), but we must chemically break these large molecules down into smaller molecules during digestion. Polymers • Carbohydrates (Starch) Amylase is the enzyme that chemically breaks down starch Into sugar. Monomers simple sugars (like glucose) Polymers • Lipids Monomers Fatty Acids Lipase is the enzyme that changes lipids into fatty acids. (fats) Polymers • Proteins Monomers Amino Acids Protease Monomers Polymers • Nucleotides Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acid is the building block of DNA and RNA, which makes up our genetic material. Anabolic Process • Anabolic processes construct or build large molecules. This may result in growth of muscle or bone. This person may have taken anabolic steroids, which are hormones that facilitate the anabolic process. Monomers Polymers Catabolic Processes • Catabolic processes break down large molecules into smaller molecules. What are some examples Of catabolism that we have discussed today? Fundamental Questions • What is a molecule? • What does our body do with the large molecules we consume? Fundamental questions • When an organism consumes a carbohydrate, what molecules do carbohydrates become during digestion? Fundamental Questions • When an organism consumes a protein, what molecules do proteins become during digestion? • When an organism consumes a lipid (fat), what molecules do lipids become during digestion? Digestion Video • Where are proteins digested, and what are they broken down into? • Where are carbohydrates digested, and what are they broken down into? • Where are fats digested, and what are they broken down into? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmcLCpXVTrY Digestion video • Where are the nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream? • Why must the larger molecules be broken down? Key Concepts Summarized • Key Concept 1: A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together. Molecules can consist of two or more atoms of the same element or from more than one type of element. • Key Concept 2: Large molecules are made of chains of smaller units. • Key Concept 3: Our bodies take larger molecules (polymers) and break them down through chemical changes during digestion to create smaller molecules (monomers) that can be absorbed by the body. • Key Concept 4: Carbohydrate chains are broken into simple sugars. • Key Concept 5: Protein chains are broken into amino acids. • Key Concept 6: Lipid chains (fats) are broken into fatty acids.